Wrinkles - Causes, symptoms and treatment. MF.

Wrinkles, furrows, flabbiness, sagging, folds, wilting, decreased skin turgor - this is, for the most part, signs of aging.

Old age is a physiological process, the first visible signs of which are wrinkles. They are formed due to the loss of collagen in the deep layers of the dermis. Collagen is the inner "skeleton" of the skin, and with its lack, it seems to fall through, forming wrinkles.

Depending on the damaging factor, several types of wrinkles are distinguished:
• Beam( under the influence of UV).
• Mimic.
• Age( endogenous),
• Others associated with various conditions of the body( exhaustion, deterioration of health, air pollution, skin diseases, dehydration).

The process of wrinkle formation starts with small cracks, and over time they increase and become more noticeable. The first wrinkles appear at the age of about 30 years( sometimes even earlier), most often these are wrinkles around the eyes( "crow's feet"), on the forehead, between the eyebrows and around the mouth( especially in smokers).

Approximately at the age of about 40 years wrinkles deepen, nasolabial folds appear, called lines of grief, the corners of the mouth drop. After 50 years, as a result of hormonal changes, the skin begins to age much faster, looks less dense and lethargic. The result is even deeper wrinkles.

The causes of the appearance of wrinkles

The appearance of wrinkles is curved from external environmental influences and from internal physiological processes in the body.

External factors that accelerate the appearance of wrinkles:
1. UV radiation( promotes photoaging)
2. Dry air( work at the computer, air conditioning).
3. Smog and pollution of the environment.
4. Poor skin care.
5. Incorrect position of the body during sleep - accelerates the sagging of the skin on the face and neck.
6. Smoking, excessive consumption of alcohol, reckless lifestyle will necessarily be imprinted with traces of wrinkles on the skin.

Internal factors:
7. Hypovitaminosis A, B, C, E and lack of trace elements.
8. Violation of the hormonal background( a lack of estrogen in women).
9. Lack of hyaluronic acid and collagen.

What diseases can be associated with the appearance of wrinkles

Aging and the appearance of characteristic facial wrinkles on the face skin is a normal physiological process. But wrinkles of a strange shape, in uncharacteristic places are signs of illness, not old age.

Types of pathological wrinkles that can be confused with the norm:
- Horizontal wrinkles on the forehead, interbrowal folds - a consequence of frequent migraine, headache or hypoxia of the brain.
- A pronounced nasolabial fold, vertical wrinkles in the corners of the mouth indicate problems of the gastrointestinal tract and metabolic disorders.
- Vertical wrinkles above the base of the nose, deep wrinkles between the lip and nose indicate the presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
- Sagging skin under the eyes and cheeks, swollen chin, transverse wrinkles in the chin area - diseases of the urinary system.

When to consult an

specialist There are several diseases that are not related to the natural aging process:

- Hilchond's Guildford's disease or premature aging is a rare genetic disorder that accelerates the aging process several dozen times.
- Diabetes mellitus - due to the accumulation of under-oxidized products in cells, age changes occur earlier.
- Hormonal disorders - in consequence, shortages of female and male sex hormones, the process of wrinkle formation is accelerating.

The treatment of these diseases should be dealt with by certified doctors( therapists, gerontologists, skin specialists, endocrinologists, gynecologists), and not by cosmetologists. In cases of such serious violations, in order to preserve life and health, you need a timely appeal to a specialist!

Symptomatic treatment of wrinkles

Pharmacotherapy

Anti-wrinkle tablets are bioadditives and vitamin complexes that are available in pharmacies in the form of capsules or tablets, depending on the manufacturer firm. They most often contain collagen and coenzyme Q10 or a large dose of antioxidants such as astaxanthin( found in some types of fish, shellfish and molluscs), lycopene( contained in tomatoes) and resveratrol( derived from grape extract).

Cosmetic products

Creams, tonics, serums and anti-wrinkle gels are modern youth elixirs. They are able to smooth wrinkles, improve skin tone and elasticity. But in them there is no secret recipe! Modern cosmetics from wrinkles is a combination of long-known active ingredients. Do not buy a cat in a poke! Check your anti-aging cosmetics for the content of these substances:

1. Retinol is one of the active forms of vitamin A. Retinol has the ability to stimulate the skin to create a stronger epidermis by increasing the biosynthesis of collagen and elastin fibers. Thus, it restores damage, improves elasticity and elasticity of the skin, reduces wrinkles. Retinol is also a powerful antioxidant that prevents the harmful effects of free radicals.
2. Coenzyme Q10 is a biochemical compound that is present in every cell and is responsible for its metabolism, it is also one of the most powerful antioxidants and prevents premature aging of the skin. Coenzyme Q10 in combination with vitamin E cleans the derma from free radicals formed in it under the influence of the sun.
3. Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide that is part of the skin and is responsible for its hydration( moisturizing).It has a unique ability to bind water. A molecule of hyaluronic acid, like a magnet, holds about 250 water molecules. With age, the amount of acid in the tissues is reduced, and the skin loses its youthful appearance due to loss of moisture.
4. Vitamin C - improves skin condition, inhibits the aging process, is a powerful antioxidant, protects against the harmful effects of free radicals. In addition, it accelerates the regeneration of the epidermis, improves skin tone, strengthens blood vessels, thereby reducing their tendency to crack. Regular use of cosmetics with vitamin C, in a sufficiently high concentration( at least 5%), gives an excellent anti-aging effect.
5. Peptides - strengthen the skin, reduce wrinkles. Hexapeptide, tetrapeptide and arginine are synthetic substances with various small-molecule structures that can easily penetrate into the deep layers of the epidermis. They act as conductors, accelerating the transport of nutrients to skin cells.
6. Stem cells - are not mature( embryonic) cells. They are able to stimulate skin renewal, have the ability to transform into any type of cells and have unlimited possibilities. Thanks to their action, the skin is restored and wrinkles become smaller.
7. Telomeres - are included in the structure of chromosomes and determine the number of cell divisions. Capable of delaying skin aging.
8. Aquaporin is a protein that moisturizes the skin from the inside. It forms special channels in the cell membrane, which allow the passage of water molecules.
9. UF filters - are fine particles of zinc oxide or titanium oxide. They create something like a protective film on the skin. It reflects the sun's rays and protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.

Any other additives are usually either auxiliary substances or an advertising move.

Salon procedures against wrinkles

Injection contour plastic ( hyaluronic acid) - for this procedure, permanent gel-like fillers of a new generation containing hyaluronic acid are used. Drugs lead to places of formation of wrinkles with the help of special thin needles.

Previously, fixed( fixed) fillers were used, but they are practically not used because of poor results and complications. New permanent hyaluronic acid fillers are natural substances in the intercellular space of our tissues and prolong youthfulness of the skin. They not only cosmetically mask wrinkles, but also restore the structure of the deep layers of the dermis.

Often because of saving money, patients insist on the introduction of permanent fillers, but over time, facial skin undergoes various anatomical changes and instead of improving its appearance, fillers will disfigure it.
There are no such complications when using hyaluronic acid preparations.

Mesotherapy - the procedure consists of the injection of the active substance into the skin by injection. The active substance is a vitamin cocktail that penetrates deeply into tissues, helps them to regenerate, thus eliminating skin defects caused by the aging process. The procedure is moderately painful. The skin after the procedure looks reddened, sometimes subcutaneous hematomas are formed.
Mesotherapy can also be performed using a device that emits electromagnetic waves. In this case, rejuvenating ingredients penetrate the skin under the influence of impulses. As a result, wrinkles are smoothed and the young look of the skin is restored.

Laser wrinkle removal is the most popular method of rejuvenating damaged skin. Is salon procedure. This method is no less effective than Botox. The advantage is that the laser has no side effects. Laser beams help stimulate the production of collagen and eliminate wrinkles.

Peeling is one of the most popular and available treatments that every woman makes. The advantage of this type of exfoliation is the improvement of skin circulation and regeneration. In addition, the removal of the calloused layer of the dermis, which improves the absorption of nutrients and creams. Peeling can be very effective in controlling stretch marks and skin color changes( pigmentation).
There are several types of peelings, depending on the chemical composition of the substances( chemical peelings), the enzyme used, the mechanical effect on the skin( dermabrasion, microdermabrasion).

Scrubs - differ from peeling substances used to remove dead skin. Typically, the scrub particles are larger and coarse. There may be complex peeling scrubs. Their main function is to improve blood circulation in the area of ​​application, relax the facial muscles, provide a massage effect, and an additional advantage is the peeling function.

Botox is an injection salon procedure that is used to eliminate facial expressions in the field of wrinkle formation. The skin is cooled or an anesthetic is applied to it, then a mixture is introduced with a very thin needle. The substance itself contains botulinum toxin, which in a large dose is the poison of botulinum causative agent. With local action, the buttocks block nerve endings, causing temporary paralysis of the muscles. It is thanks to this effect that wrinkles are smoothed out. Supportive treatment should be carried out no more than twice a year.

Surgical method - circular facelift or less radical methods that affect certain problem areas of the face( forehead and tempura lifting, blepharoplasty, tightening the lower third of the face and neck, and also a filament lifting of the face).Surgical intervention is based on excision of excess skin, muscle tissue and fat. The skin is pulled up and moved to positions characteristic of a young age, so the wrinkles are smoothed. The effect lasts from 10 to 15 years. Performed by a plastic surgeon in any center of plastic surgery.

How to get rid of wrinkles at home( scrubs and masks)

We can not turn back the clock, but it's never too late to start taking care of your skin properly. Masks for the face are one of the most popular women's cosmetics. With the help of these not tricky ways you can get rid of fine wrinkles. If you want to improve the condition of your skin, try once a week to perform one of the following masks:

- Apple mask - in 1 grated apple, add a teaspoon of potato or cornstarch. The resultant mass is mixed, put on face and leave for 20 minutes. Wash your face first warm, then rinse with cold water.
- Strawberry mask - in 5 ripe strawberries add 1 tablespoon of olive( linseed) oil, mix the mixture until smooth and apply on face, rinse after 20 minutes. The mask improves the complexion, reduces wrinkles and tightens the skin.
- Orange mask - mix 2 tablespoons of cottage cheese with 2 tablespoons of sunflower oil, add juice to the halves of orange, mix the resulting mixture again. Apply on face, neck and décolleté area. Rinse with cold water after 20 minutes. The mask increases the elasticity and firmness of the skin.
- Cleansing mask - in 20 grams of condensed milk add a few drops of lemon juice, mix and apply on face for 20 minutes, then rinse.
- Moisturizing mask - mix three tablespoons of sour cream and three tablespoons of oatmeal, add 1 tablespoon of honey to the resulting mass. Stir to a homogeneous mass, dip into the resulting mixture of paper towels and put it on your face for 20 minutes, then rinse.
- Nourishing mask - add olive oil or other cold pressed oils to the egg yolk, mix and apply a mask on the face. Keep for 20 minutes, then rinse off with warm water.

If you want to make a home peeling or scrub, add sugar, salt, kiwi seeds or ground natural coffee in any mask. Do gentle massage using such a mixture once a week and your skin will gradually be smoothed out, soft and tender.

Phytotherapy for wrinkles

Many plants contain strong substances that are capable of regenerating tissues and repairing damaged skin. Here are examples of some herbs that are most successfully used to restore youthful skin and fight wrinkles.

Ginseng - is considered one of the best plants with anti-aging function. Use tinctures and decoctions inside, and extracts are added to cosmetics. Included in its composition are strong antioxidants, called ginsenosides, reduce the number of wrinkles, prevent the loss of water from the skin.

The incense of incense - was used for aromatherapy in the days of Cleopatra. Essential oils are not only healthy, but also have a regenerative, rejuvenating and rejuvenating effect on the skin, smooth out fine wrinkles.

Rosehip - rose hips have long been used as a natural source of vitamin C, and tetrazole contained in seeds is known as one of the best natural products to reduce wrinkles. Decoctions, infusions and oils from the hips are used to accelerate the regeneration of the skin, the treatment of scars, burns and wrinkles.

Horsetail is a source of silicon. Decoctions, infusions can be consumed, both inside and outside. The effect of this plant is to improve the appearance of the skin, strengthen bones, purify the body, stimulate the kidneys, and fight against urinary tract infections.

Drug spongy - is prepared by drying freshwater sponges. When rubbed into the skin rejuvenates, removes pigmentation spots, cleans well, heals. Sold in the pharmacy in the form of masks, creams, gels.

Forecast of treatment of wrinkles

Particularly sensitive to the appearance of wrinkle zones are the face, neck and hands. If long deep grooves are formed in these places, it will be very difficult to completely get rid of them, even with the help of a scalpel and a whole arsenal of modern aesthetic medicine.

By reversibility, there are two types of wrinkles:

• Dynamic - acquired with age. Form wrinkled folds to a depth of 0.4 mm, which penetrate the dermis layer. They are the result of natural changes in the body, and are due to the slow regeneration of cells and blood circulation in tissues. Since they arise from the natural effects of time, they are difficult to prevent.
• Static - appear due to insufficient hydration of the skin and deficiency of elastin. Such wrinkles are more superficial, up to 0.1 mm deep. It's easier to get rid of them.

Early prevention can stop aging and wrinkle formation and is a good investment in the future. Remember, it is always easier to warn than to treat!

Doctor cosmetologist Kondratenko NA