Causes, symptoms of debility and the organization of the treatment process

Degeneracy is the weakest degree of manifestation of oligophrenia, which develops because of a delay in mental development or with organic damage to the fetal brain.

Symptoms of debility with a mild degree of development almost do not contribute to the obvious differences of a sick child from a healthy one. Mechanical memory and emotional-volitional sphere are not violated, but the patient's attention is very difficult to focus on a specific object, therefore memorization is slow and fragile.

In patients with children, the predominant type of thinking is specifically descriptive, but the ability to abstract thinking is almost lost, so children are difficult to capture logical relationships, such concepts as time, space, etc. Often, debility is accompanied by violations of speech activity.

Causes of the disease

There are three groups of etiological factors contributing to the development of oligophrenia in the degree of debility, namely:

• Hereditary causes of debility, these include deviations in the development of generative cells in parents.
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• Intrauterine damage to the fetus due to hormonal disorders in the mother's body, rubella and other viral pathologies.
• Negative factors in the perinatal period and in the first three years of a child's life are fetal or newborn asphyxia. Birth trauma, fetus and mother conflict in Rh factor, head injuries in early childhood, childhood infectious pathologies.

Symptoms of the disease

When this pathology is affected, the following signs of debility occur in children:

• Dementia manifests itself through the underdevelopment of cognitive processes. At the same time, this factor covers the personality of the patient as a whole - thinking, intellect, will, emotional sphere, speech, motor skills, memory and attention worsen, as well as perception of the surrounding world.
• The main role in the whole set of defects of mental development belongs to the impossibility of building normal communication and insufficient development of the ability to think abstractly.
• Vocabulary of the patient is poor, he uses elementary phrases, which builds illiterately.
• Memory and attention are weakened, the level of motivation for one or another activity and initiative is reduced.
• Physical development also occurs with delays.

Debility can be divided into several forms of percolation:

1. Easy debility.
2. Moderate debility.
3. Heavy debility.

To determine the form of the disease is a complete clinical examination, and the degree of formation of pathology in this case correlates with the diagnosed form.

Diagnosis of the disease

The diagnosis of debility in the first year of a child's life is based on a combination of symptoms of developmental lag, both physically and mentally. The diagnosis is put to the child, if at an early age he can not fix his sight on one point, until the age of one year he does not start to hold his head on his own, does not sit, does not respond to sound, does not smile when talking to him.

The second year of life of the disease is manifested by insufficient development of speech and motor skills, as well as unwillingness to learn the world around. The child refuses to repeat the manipulations of adults and does not understand the speech when addressing him. At the preschool age, an easy form of debility is manifested by the inability of self-service, poor learning ability and the predominance of primitive emotions.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of oligophrenia at the stage of debility correlates with the cause of its development and has only a symptomatic character. To improve the exchange of patients, glutamic acid is prescribed, and vitamin therapy is organized. To reduce the indices of intracranial pressure, magnesium infusions are administered, and the course of glycerol intake is prescribed.

With the development of severe retardation, treatment of debility is carried out with the help of stimulants - neuroleptics or anticonvulsants depending on the clinical symptoms.

The sooner the treatment is started, the higher the results from it. Corrective therapeutic and pedagogical therapy is important, which includes the education of sick children and adolescents in special institutions.

For the timely diagnosis of different degrees of development of pathology, a common patronage system was developed all over the world that controls the physical and mental development of children from birth to school.

Oligophrenia is treatable only under the condition of metabolic reasons for the formation of pathology, when the child is prescribed medication for the purpose of regulating metabolism. The effectiveness of treatment depends entirely on the susceptibility of the child's body.

In other forms of pathology, only ancillary treatment with amino acids, vitamin complexes, drugs to reduce intracranial pressure and activate blood flow in the brain can be organized.

In order to compensate for developmental deviations, labor education and medical and educational activities are of great importance. Simultaneously with the health authorities, in the rehabilitation of oligophrenics, much attention is paid to training in auxiliary boarding schools, workshops, etc.

Prevention of

In most cases, the prevention of this disease is inseparable from the treatment process. The possibilities of conducting primary prevention are now significantly expanded due to genetic development.

In many prevention of oligophrenia is correlated with the necessary examination of pregnant women for the presence of syphilis, toxoplasmosis, Rh factor of blood, etc.

Prevention of congenital syphilis and related oligophrenia in the degree of debility is to prevent infection and safe treatment of pregnant women with syphilis.

Also to the methods of prevention include the improvement of the process of childbirth and the course of pregnancy.

Prevention of infections and trauma plays an important role in the prevention of oligophrenia in young and newborn children. Corrective and pedagogical treatment is very important for overcoming complications and severe oligophrenia. The main importance is given to oligophrenopedagogy, labor training or professional adaptation, which should be interrelated with the clinical manifestations and the age group of the patient. Thus, the training of children is carried out, as well as the professional adaptation of adults.

Preventive treatment of oligophrenia and other types of mental retardation in most cases depends on the necessary social activities that involve improving the environment and educational activities.