Doubling of kidneys during pregnancy in a fetus, a kind of pathology, its signs and treatment

In modern medical science, the concept of kidney doubling refers to the congenital pathology of organ formation, which is a partial or complete duplication of their system, and this doubling during pregnancy develops. The organ itself has the form of interconnected kidneys, and each part has its own separate bloodstream. Often such changes develop only with one of the parties, but there can be a two-way defeat, when both immediately double.

In size, the doubled organ is more normal, and its upper part is usually smaller than the lower part. Blood flow in the abnormal organ is carried out with the help of two arteries of the kidney, and each half is perceived as a separate but inadequately developed organ.

Duplicate kidney does not pose a threat to the life and health of the patient, but the risk of accompanying chronic forms of illness and inflammation in the organs is significantly increased.

This is important! In appearance, the doubled organ looks like two intergrown buds. In this case, the doubling of the vascular part and part of the parenchyma is not always manifested - mainly the functional load is placed on the lower part of the bifurcated kidney.

Doubling of the left kidney or right can develop, and two paired organs can be affected at once. Also, the disease is classified into full and incomplete doubling - this is a conditional classification, which correlates with the presence in the daughter kidney of its own vessels and a separate ureter.

At full duplication, each daughter kidney has its own system of calyxes and pelvis, its ureter, which empties into the bladder. With incomplete doubling, the ureters are intertwined into one, opening into the bladder. At times, the daughter ureter does not connect with the main and opens into the vagina or intestine, so the child may have a leakage of urine.

Etiological factors affecting the development of the anomaly

Doubling of the kidney occurs due to the formation of two induction foci in the methanephrogenic blastema. A full-blown disconnection does not occur in the blastema, even despite the formation of two bowel-pelvis systems, so the integrity of the fibrous capsule of the organ does not deteriorate.

Each half of the forked kidney has a separate blood flow. Its vessels can leave one common column, and the separation is located directly next to the sine. Also, the vessels can separate from the aorta. Some of the arteries are inside the organ and are able to connect one organ to another. All this is important to consider when performing an operation to resect the organ.

Developments of the pathology of

One of the types of kidney doubling is incomplete duplication, which reflects the features of the structure of the affected organ, when doubling of the renal parenchyma and vessels is performed without separation of pelvis. The sine of the organ is divided by a jumper from the parenchyma into two separate sections - then the ureter and pelvis remain only one at a time and this division does not cause an increase in the size of the kidney.

Usually incomplete doubling is not dangerous and, moreover, does not threaten the life of a person, it has no clinical conclusion compared to the development of a full doubling. The only sign of the development of anomalies in this situation is a variant with a bifurcation of cups and pelvis, as well as a ureter. To establish the correct diagnosis, the specialist appoints

Usually the upper part remains underdeveloped and only in rare cases the lower part is underdeveloped or both remain equally developed in a functional sense. When studying the morphological structure, an inferior development part resembles a kidney dysplasia. It is the presence of dysplasia of the kidney parenchyma, simultaneously with other organ dysfunctions in the subsequent ureteral cleavage, that create a variety of prerequisites for the occurrence of severe pathologies in the abnormal kidney.

The symptomatology of doubling almost completely repeats manifestations of the following pathologies:

• acute or chronic form of pyelonephritis;
• hydronephrosis transformation of one of the halves;
• urolithic pathology or in another way the formation of concrements.

Treatment of anomaly

Treatment of a double kidney by surgery is performed in the following situations:

• Development of hydronephrosis transformation.
• Appearance of tumor neoplasms.
• Formation of concrements.

If the organ loses its functions, then complications that threaten life can begin - then the specialist prescribes removal or otherwise a kidney nephrectomy surgery.

This is important! When an abnormality occurs in a child, it has almost no effect on the state of health and the child feels well-then the doctor prescribes the organization of conservative therapy and the constant monitoring of the condition of the affected organ and the overall health of the child. It turns out that in such a situation the kidney is better not to be affected, and the treatment of doubling with the help of a surgical operation is required only with the development of serious complications.

During the operation, it involves correcting the causes that triggered the complications. Sometimes open interventions or endoscopic operations are organized. The kidney is also tried to be preserved, but removed only on the condition that it completely loses its functions. It is rare to remove only a part or a half of the body, the final decision on the treatment and operation can only be taken by the attending physician who has carefully studied the history of the disease and studied all the nuances.

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