Renal colic: symptoms, treatment, signs in women, men

Renal colic is an attack of severe unbearable pain in the lumbar region that develops as a result of an acute obstruction in the passage of urine on the way from the kidney to the bladder.

The most common cause of this condition is the overlap of the ureter with a stone larger than its diameter, but blood clots, torn off areas of the kidney tissue or a large volume of thick pus and mucus can also block urinary tracts sharply.

The pain develops as a result of an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the pelvis of the kidney, resulting in the stretching of its capsule, which is rich in nerve endings. She, being the most excruciating of all, signals to a person that if not to take measures, the death of overgrown and ischemic kidney tissue will begin.

Causes of renal colic

The main cause of obstruction of the urinary tract are stones formed in the kidneys and consisting of any combination of salts( see how to treat stones in pokey).For the appearance of an attack, 2 conditions are necessary: ​​that the concrement begin movement from the kidney along the ureter, and that its diameter be slightly larger than any portion of the ureter.

Obstruction of the urinary tract, which is the cause of renal colic, can occur not only in renal stone disease, but also in the urinary tract:

• thick pus;
  
• blood clots;
  
• large volumes of fibrin and / or mucus;
  
• of dead tissue of the kidneys, which can accompany acute, chronic pyelonephritis, swelling or tuberculosis of the kidney.

In addition, renal colic may be accompanied by:

• hematomas developing under the capsule of the kidney( from trauma, after crushing stones);
  
• hydronephrosis;
  
• thrombosis and embolism of renal veins;
  
• Kidney infarction.

Tumor squeezing the ureter from the outside( from the intestine or reproductive organs), adhesions, neoplasm or inflammation of the ureter itself, narrowing its lumen, are rarely the causes of renal colic, as they develop gradually;for the time of their growth, the ureters can adapt to the change in their diameter.

There are such risk factors for the development of renal colic in women and men:

• urolithiasis in relatives;
  
• even though there were once pains in the lower back;
  
• use of small daily liquid volumes;
  
• urinary tract infection;
  
• work in hot shops;
  
• frequent large physical exertion( work, sport);
  
• conditions leading to chronic dehydration( eg, syndrome of impaired absorption from the intestine);
  
• anatomical features of the urinary tract, due to which urine retention and chronic organ inflammation develop;
  
• inadequate intake of micronutrients of molybdenum and silicon from food and water into the intestine;
  
• increased function of the parathyroid glands( because of this, there is a lot of calcium in the blood in an unrelated state).

Urolithiasis develops somewhat more often in men. Most often people are sick 30-50 years of age. The right and left kidneys have the same chance of being a "supplier" of concrements for renal colic.

Symptoms of renal colic

Renal colic is the most severe type of pain that can not be alleviated by the acceptance of any position of the body. With renal colic, the symptoms develop unexpectedly, before that the person felt well. Provoke its development can shaking the ride, lifting weights, hitting the lumbar region.

In men and women, the pain has the following characteristics:

• is localized in the lumbar region, more often on one side;
  
• cramped, sharp;
  
• fixed;
  
• is worse with urination;
  
• gives to the genitals, perineum, rectum, thigh, but irradiation can vary.

In addition, the general condition of a person suffers:

• nausea;
  
• vomiting;
  
• bloating;
  
• temperature increase;
  
• increased blood pressure;
  
• false desires for defecation;
  
• in the urine may be noticeable blood( calculus damages the integrity of the urinary tract);
  
• the volume of urine can be significantly reduced.

In some cases, severe pain can lead to the development of a shock state, when a person loses consciousness( or is in a faint), his skin becomes pale, cool and covered with sweat;he significantly reduces blood pressure.

After the end of renal colic, a person urinates profusely, in this urine the blood is visible with the naked eye. You can also see a stone( stones) in the urine.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is established based on:

1. 1) Patient complaints;
   
2. 2) General analysis of urine;
   
3. 3) An ultrasound examination of the organs of the urinary system, carried out after the person filled the bladder( for this purpose it is desirable to drink water without aza directly in front of the ultrasound cabinet, so as not to overfill the bladder);
   
4. 4) Excretory urography is an x-ray method of investigation, in which radiocontrast substances are injected into the vein, which will stain the urinary tract;
   
5. 5) Chromocystoscopy is an endoscopic examination in which a researcher assesses the nature and rate of excretion of indigo-carmine-dyed urine;
   
6. 6) Computer or magnetic resonance imaging of the kidneys helps to identify the cause of compression of the ureter from the outside.

Treatment of renal colic

Primarily, the treatment of renal colic
is based on the management of pain syndrome, this is done with the help of such drugs:

1. 1) Spasmolytic drugs, that is, drugs that eliminate spasms of ureter smooth muscle: Baralgin, No-shpa, "Spazmalgon";
   
2. 2) Along with antispasmodics, non-steroidal analgesics( Diclofenac, Dexalgin, Ketanov) or( ambulance doctor) are administered painkillers;
   
3. 3) An alternative or complement to the previous two groups of drugs are herbal medicines: "Cystenal", "Urocholum", "Shenshitong";
   
4. 4) Reception of a hot bath;
   
5. 5) Novokainovoy blockade, acupuncture or electro-puncture - with prolonged seizure of colic.

In inflammatory processes, prescribe antibiotics and / or special antiseptics( Nitroxoline, Monural, Furadonin).

With a large number of stones in the kidneys, if there are no contraindications, stones are crushed either with the help of preparations( "Cyston", Cystenal "), or by instrumental methods( ultrasound, laser, shock wave).Against this background, the reception of antispasmodics and antibiotics is also shown.

Further, the compulsory stage of treatment of renal colic is adherence to a specialized diet:

1. 1) Abundant drinking of water without gas, chamomile, wild rose broth - in a volume of 2.5-3 liters per day;
   
2. 2) If the cause of colic is not established, animal fats, mushrooms, legumes, meat, mushrooms, fish broths, smoked meats, canned goods, salt, pickles, garlic, mustard, onions, chocolate and cocoa are excluded from the diet;
   
3. 3) With oksalatnyh stones exclude the reception of leaves of lettuce, spinach, sorrel. Beans, milk, carrots and potatoes should be limited;
   
4. 4) With urate stones reduce the consumption of legumes, meat and offal, alcohol, chocolate;
   
5. 5) Phosphate stones require restrictions on the intake of milk, fruits( except citrus fruits), berries and vegetables. Meat, lard, fish and vegetable fats, on the contrary, are welcome.

Complications of renal colic

Complications of diseases that are manifested by renal colic are:

• urinary retention;
  
• pionephrosis - filling the kidney with pus;
  
• urosepsis;
  
• hydronephrosis is a disease in which the cavities of the kidney become enlarged, filled with urine;
  
• obstructive pyelonephritis;
  
• is a bacteremic shock.

Prevention of disease

For the prevention of pathology, you need to drink a sufficient amount of liquid, periodically using compotes of cowberries, raspberries. And also, try to adhere to such recommendations:

• in the season there are more watermelons;
  
• if there are no complaints, once a year to take a urine test;
  
• if the loin at least occasionally freezes or there is a seriousness or discomfort in this area, the urine test should be taken every 3-6 months, consulting about the findings with the urologist or nephrologist;
  
• if salt is detected in urine, follow the diet according to their nature;
  
• in time to treat diseases of internal organs and urinary tract.

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