What is atrophy of the bronchi, the methods of its diagnosis and treatment

Bronchial atrophy is a phenomenon of pathological changes and thinning of mucosal tissues with subsequent replacement of it with a connective one. Atrophic changes occur only in the presence of the original whole organ, therefore congenital maldevelopment of bronchi by atrophy is not and is called hypoplasia.

Bronchial destruction occurs mainly as a result of a chronic inflammatory process - atrophic bronchitis.

Causes of development of atrophic bronchitis

For a number of reasons, due to which bronchial atrophy occurs the following:

• Infections viral, fungal and bacterial;
• Toxic effects( cigarette smoke and tar);
• Changing the structure under the influence of certain drugs;
• Constant penetration of too cold or hot air;
• Autoimmune pathology.

What happens to the patient?

Deterioration of the condition is usually observed during the off-season, when immunity falls, and the body is especially strongly attacked by viral and bacterial infections. The process progresses with the use of tobacco or mixes for smoking, as well as while staying in hot or cold climates.

Some aspects can also influence the development of the disease, among them - violation of capillary circulation, changes in nerve conduction, decreased immunity, lack of a mobile lifestyle and violation of the regime.

Patients complain of perspiration in the throat, coughing, change in the hoarseness, soreness in the back muscles, sensation of weakness, sweating.

To these symptoms, during exacerbation, coughing with sputum discharge, pronounced dyspnea, is added. Sometimes, at an acute stage, there is pain in the chest and abdomen, symptoms of fever - aches in muscles, fever, headache.

During the remission period, the clinical picture is not expressed or has minor manifestations. May disturb cough, especially in the morning, there is some difficulty breathing.

Is it possible to cure the disease?

With timely access to a doctor and adequate treatment, atrophic changes in the bronchi can be reversible.

Diagnosis of such a pathology as atrophy of the bronchial mucosa is carried out on the basis of the patient's questionnaire, his main complaints, auscultation of the chest( dry or wet wheezing, some easing of breathing).A mandatory study in the presence of bronchial atrophy is radiography.

If necessary, bronchoscopy is performed. This method allows you to finally confirm the diagnosis. In this case, the whitish inner surface of the bronchi is seen, with a characteristic thinning and enlarged lumen. In some cases, scars are visualized on the mucosa.

The main treatment that is carried out during the period of exacerbation:

1. Antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics are prescribed based on seeding data on sensitivity. For the analysis, the phlegm of the patient is taken. Sometimes, if urgent treatment is needed, the types of drugs are chosen empirically. Usually, a wide spectrum of agents is used, such as ampicillin, augmentin, ceftriaxone. If after 4 days of admission an improvement does not occur, then you need to see a doctor about the replacement of the antibiotic. The course of treatment is, depending on the severity of the patient's condition, from 1 week to a month.
2. For expectoration of sputum, expectorants are used, they can be of both plant and synthetic origin. Cough syrups help in such cases.
3. You can remove the symptoms of inflammation with the use of non-steroid agents. The most commonly prescribed ibuprofen, diclofenac. These drugs do not affect the cause of the disease, and are only symptomatic.
4. In addition to the basic means to accelerate the recovery can be using flours, compresses, mustard plasters. This allows for better mucus evacuation.
5. Well assisted with bronchitis inhalation with medicinal herbs or aromatic oils.
6. With a pronounced allergic component, antihistamines are used.

Prevention

To prevent the development of bronchial atrophy and exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to put an end to smoking, to carry out timely sanation of chronic foci of infection, to use in the production facilities to protect against the ingress of toxic substances and temperature effects, to change the conditions for living in another climatic zone, if necessary.

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