Operation on kidney stones: varieties and surgical procedures

As a rule, during the formation of concrements, an operation is required on the kidney stones. Previously, they were removed with the help of a large cavitary operation, which assumed a long recovery and also left large scars on the human body. Modern medicine helps to remove stones without punctures and incisions.

Unique modern equipment allows doctors to reach the stones through natural urinary canals. In this case, everything that happens in the human body, is fixed on the monitor due to the endoscopic camera.

Preparatory measures for surgical intervention

When the removal of stones from the kidneys, the operation requires careful preparation. The patient is prescribed the intake of antioxidants, medications that help improve blood flow. Sometimes the implementation of antibiotic therapy is required.

This is important! If the patient entered a medical facility with renal colic and the stone is stuck in the urinary canals, a kidney drainage is mandatory. For this, through a small puncture in the side, a tube is inserted, through which the urine goes to a special container.

Before the operation, the patient is assigned:

• General urinalysis.
• General blood tests.
• Blood tests for sugar levels and coagulation. Biochemical blood tests.

Surgical removal of kidney stones is performed only under general anesthesia. In any case, immediately before the operation, the patient is examined by an anesthesiologist, who gives special instructions.

Open operation for removal of stones

The operation of removal of stones from the kidneys is carried out by cutting the skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle tissue. So, the doctor gets access to the ureter and to the kidney itself. Then the stone is removed from the organ and the cutting of the incision is realized layer by layer.

This method is very time consuming and postoperative recovery can take even more than two weeks. Postoperative complications include postoperative hernia and damage to the kidney tissues. In this regard, an open surgical procedure for removing stones is less preferable treatment, unlike crushing due to high risks of complications development.

But open removal is sometimes the only possible method when it is impossible to organize conservative therapy. Sometimes a stone is so big that it is impossible to dissolve it with medicines and herbs. It is also impossible to realize their crushing at very large concretions.

Another common cause of an urgent open surgery is a severe attack of renal colic, when other treatment measures do not bring relief to the patient. Sometimes the stone overlaps the ureters, so do not be uncontrolled and without consulting a specialist to take diuretics. This will provoke stone movement and blockage of the lumen of the urinary canals.

Gentle stone elimination techniques with laser

This technique is realized through access through natural channels in the human body. With the help of special equipment and instruments, through the lumen of the urethra, an entry is made to the bladder cavity, then to the ureter, and finally to the kidney.

This is important! Thanks to a rigid and flexible endoscope with a camera at the end, it becomes possible to see the stone on the monitor. Further, the laser instrument is introduced and the stone is destroyed. Small fragments are then removed from the body.

Endoscopic removal of stones from the kidneys is used in a situation where stones of small size not exceeding 2 cm, if the diameter of the stones is more than 2 cm, then other methods of treatment are used.

Laparoscopic intervention for removing stones

Laparoscopy of kidney stones is performed through puncture access to the organ and the realization of several small punctures of the skin. The doctor enters the peritoneal cavity with special tools. In addition to the tools in the puncture, a small camera is inserted.

All manipulations of the surgeon inside the human body during laparoscopy are visible on the monitor screen. The diameter of the tools should not be more than 10 mm. Subsequently, a kidney puncture is performed and the passage is expanded to several millimeters - an endoscope is inserted into the puncture and the stone is destroyed. After that, the fragments of the crushed stone are also removed.

After the removal of stones from the kidneys is completed laparoscopically, the drainage is installed in the kidney in order to improve and accelerate the healing, which after some time is eliminated. The recovery period after this operation takes no more than five days. This method can be considered preferable in comparison with a surgical operation, because blood losses from the body decrease, the traumatic danger for nearby tissues decreases.

After completing laparoscopy in the intensive therapy room, a person is only a few hours old and during this period he almost does not need the administration of pain medication. In addition, kidney laparoscopy does not cause cosmetic defects on the patient's body.

This is important! This method of removal can be considered the most effective, especially when compared to an open surgical procedure. At the same time, such manipulations are very difficult to carry out technically, therefore they require excellent training of the doctor, experience and high qualification.

Lithotripsy as an effective method of

Lithotripsy is considered an excellent remote method of removing stones from the kidneys. It is based on the use of a shock wave. Thanks to a special apparatus, a high-pressure flow is created that focuses on the stone. The shock wave even through the human body breaks the concrement, and then the stone fragments are removed from the body.

Lithotripsy is performed through X-ray, laser or ultrasound guidance, entering the body with a concentrated narrow focus on the stone. The process of treatment will take no more than twenty minutes, after which the patient is allowed to go home. This technique also does not require anesthesia.

Recommendations for patients during rehabilitation

The main recommendation for all patients after removal of stones is to adhere to the enhanced mode of fluid intake. When a patient drinks liquid, his body and, in particular, the urinary canals are washed from blood clots and blockages.

Food after completion of the operation should take into account the chemical composition of the removed stone to prevent relapse.

Recommendations include phytotherapy, which is simply indispensable for the prevention of complications and is an excellent way to prevent the formation of new calculi in the kidneys.

It is also advisable for the patient to start an active lifestyle as soon as possible in order to normalize blood circulation and intestinal function.

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