Emergency care for anaphylactic shock. Where to begin?
The onset of anaphylactic shock varies from a few seconds to several hours. The development of this allergic reaction is based on immediate type hypersensitivity. The degree of severity rarely depends on the mode of administration of the allergen, although large doses tend to aggravate the human condition. Such a reaction is strictly individual for each and can manifest itself on absolutely any foreign agent that enters the body.
Anaphylactic shock: Symptoms can be varied, but the signs of worsening peripheral and central blood circulation can be considered characteristic features. In general, pain shock, infectious-toxic shock and any other is accompanied by these basic symptoms.
The first first aid for anaphylactic shock
Before the arrival of health workers it is important to provide first aid for the first time to avoid the development of all kinds of complications. What then includes emergency care for anaphylactic shock?
- Patient should be placed on a horizontal surface.
- Head to the side.
- To prevent tongue lancing in the throat, it is necessary to fix in some way the lower jaw.
- If there are dental implants, remove them if possible.
- In order to improve blood circulation to the feet of the injured person, it is possible to attach a heating pad or bottles filled with warm water.
- When developing a response to the introduction of the drug intravenously - apply a tourniquet slightly above the site of the injection or squeeze the veins and arteries with improvised means.
First qualified care for anaphylactic shock
Assistance in anaphylactic shock should be performed in full by a medical professional. For this, the following actions are performed:
1. The main drug of choice is Adrenaline 0.1%.(In some cases, you can find a 0.18% solution or solution of epinephrine).It is important to introduce it as soon as possible.
The route of administration is either subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular and, best of all, intravenous. The initial dosage is 0.3-0.5 ml. In the future, if necessary, you can enter 1-1.5 ml. In case of an overdose of Adrenaline, the condition of the patient may worsen;metabolites of this drug block adrenergic receptors. Signs of an overdose can be considered an increase in the number of heartbeats or individual muscle twitch convulsions.
With a very low blood pressure, an increase in the volume of administration of the drug is permitted.
2. Follow Adrenaline for glucocorticoids. It is important to know that when anaphylactic shock is stopped, the dosage is several times greater than the amount of administration of these drugs in the treatment of arthritis or other diseases. The effect of glucocorticoids is somewhat delayed and appears after a few minutes, lasting up to four hours.
The drug and its dosages:
- Methylprednisolone - 500 mg,
- Dexamethasone - 20 mg,
- Prednisolone - 150 mg.
In case of insufficient effect from the treatment, a slight increase in dosage is allowed.
3. An immediate help in anaphylactic shock involves the administration of antihistamines that do not reduce blood pressure and to a lesser extent are potential allergens. These include the following drugs:
- Dimedrol 1% - 1-2 ml,
- Suprastin or Chloropyramine 2% - 2 ml,
- Tavegil or Clemastin 0.1% - 2 ml.
Diprazine and other phenothiazine derivatives are not recommended for administration for the reasons listed above. The previously used chloride and calcium gluconate solution is not only ineffective, but also in some ways worsens the course of the disease.
4. When attaching signs of pulmonary edema or bronchospasm( shortness of breath), slowly inject a solution of Euphyllin 2,4% - 10 ml.
In any medical institution, to provide assistance with anaphylactic shock, there must be a special first-aid kit equipped with all necessary equipment and preparations.
Anaphylactic shock: first-aid kit
The first-aid kit includes all of the above drugs except Adrenaline, tk.it should be stored in the refrigerator. In addition, there are syringes, needles, Sodium chloride solution 0,9% in the vial and in ampoules, as far as possible the peripheral catheter and adhesive plaster.
Anaphylactic shock: first aid is provided together with oxygen inhalation and continuous intravenous injection of sodium chloride solution.