Carrying out angiography of vessels of lower extremities, indications and contraindications

Angiography of the vessels of the lower extremities is a rather informative research method, based on X-ray irradiation in conjunction with the introduction of a contrast medium. The results are recorded with the help of pictures. Allows you to clearly determine the condition of the circulatory system - the form of veins and arteries, the condition of the inner walls, the presence of constrictions, thrombi or other obstructions in the path of blood flow.

This method of diagnosis requires certain conditions for carrying out, because when it is used, it becomes necessary to puncture the vessel followed by the introduction of a contrast agent. It includes arteriography( for arteries), and phlebography( for veins), a separate study is carried out for each species.

How the procedure is performed

Angiography of the lower limbs is done in conditions that prevent the possibility of infection. For this purpose there are specialized medical institutions where all the rules of asepsis are observed and a comfortable and safe stay of the patient after the procedure is ensured.

An anesthesiologist and resuscitator is in charge of monitoring the patient's condition near him during the study. The doctor constantly monitors the functioning of human organs throughout the rehabilitation period and during the research.

Initially, under local anesthesia, a puncture is performed, a conductor and a catheter with a contrast agent are inserted through this access, while taking photographs at the same time as these manipulations. The procedure can last about an hour or a little more.

In case of arteriography, the substance for contrasting is injected into the femoral vein, and when phlebography - into any vein of the foot.

A sterile bandage is applied at the site of insertion of the catheter and the patient is recommended bed rest for 24 hours. In order to accelerate the removal of the contrast agent from the body, the patient must drink at least 1.5 liters of liquid at the first time.

Who needs to go through the angiography of

Angiography of the lower limbs is considered an invasive method, and therefore, it can only be carried out under strict indications, therefore, only the attending physician should prescribe the study!

The procedure is indicated if the following problems exist:

1. Any pathological phenomena associated with a violation of the structure of the vessels of the legs( obliterating endarteritis, atherosclerosis, the presence of thrombi or embolism).
2. Venous disorders( thrombophlebitis, phlebitis).
3. Traumatic injury or injury to the lower limbs.
4. Violations of the integrity of the arterial wall( diverticulum, aneurysm).
5. Pathological vascular disorders in the background of the course of diabetes mellitus.
6. After the surgery on the legs to monitor the results.

When can I not apply the study?

Contraindications to the use of such a method of research, as angiography of the arteries of the lower limbs, are:

• Cardiac failure in its decompensation.
• Myocardial infarction.
• Acute or exacerbated chronic inflammatory processes.
• Renal failure.
• Intolerance to anesthesia or contrast agent.
• Bleeding tendency.
• Pregnancy and lactation.
• Child's age.

Another type of study

If there is a need for a more detailed study of the vessels of the legs, then in this case an additional option for the study may be CT angiography of the vessels of the lower extremities. This is a more modern study, during which we obtain a three-dimensional image of the affected area with further modeling of the affected area using a computer.

This procedure is not very traumatic, and does not require the patient to stay in the hospital for rehabilitation. The duration of its conduct is about half an hour, after which a person can immediately return home, bed rest is not assigned to him. Contrast substance for this type of diagnosis is injected into the subcutaneous vein of the forearm.

CT angiography of lower limb arteries usually rarely causes side effects. Since its implementation requires the introduction of iodine-containing contrast, the study is not carried out in case of its intolerance. Absolutely excluded is the use of CT angiography in the presence of renal pathology with impaired function, since the rate of removal of contrast from the body may be impaired.

Computerized tomography of arteries is a more expensive diagnostic method. But it allows you to get a more accurate picture of vascular pathology, which allows the doctor to prescribe adequate treatment. In addition, there are fewer common contraindications to it, a reduced radiation load on the body due to a reduction in the total time of the study, and there is no need to undergo rehabilitation within 24 hours under stationary conditions.

What should I do before angiography?

Angiography of the vessels of the legs is performed under certain mandatory conditions.

Before the study, the patient is explained the principle, the stages of the procedure, the possibilities of this type of diagnosis, and possible complications are voiced. After this, it is necessary to obtain confirmation of the patient's consent in writing to this study.

This type of diagnosis is performed only on an empty stomach, so the patient is warned in advance about the need to refuse dinner and breakfast before angiography.

On the eve of lower limb angiography, it is sometimes suggested to do premedication. It is used with appropriate indications and consists in the appointment of sedatives and drugs against allergies. The risk of developing bleeding increases if the patient takes medications that dilute blood, so their use must be stopped in advance, or replaced by other treatment options as recommended by the doctor.

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