Why is it necessary to determine lactate dehydrogenase?

Modern science has a lot of opportunities for accurate diagnosis. Often with various pathological conditions, the doctor recommends taking tests that help confirm or deny the presence of the disease.

One such method is the analysis for lactate dehydrogenase, the result of which can tell a lot to an experienced specialist.

Lactate dehydrogenase refers to enzyme substances that participate in the glycolysis process.

It promotes the decay of lactic acid to pyruvic acid with the release of energy in the absence of oxygen and completes the link of this oxidation-reduction reaction.

In the human body, it is found in the blood and certain tissues. Its content and activity are related to informative tests, especially important in acute conditions requiring immediate treatment.

Norm LDH in the blood

The results of the LDH analysis depend not only on the presence of the pathological condition, but also on the patient's age. In children, it is somewhat higher, and with age, there is a tendency to reduce it.

So, in newly born babies, it is no more than 28.9 mkat / l. In children up to three years of age - up to 14.2 mc / l, up to 12 years to 12.7( in boys), and to 9, 67( in girls).

In an adult male, the norm in the blood of DLG is up to 11.4, and in women - up to 7.27 μkat / l.

Causes of an increase in the

index Lactate dehydrogenase is increased in the body in pathological processes, which are accompanied by cell death and disintegration. High indicators of this enzyme are an indicator of tissue decay.

Some increase in lactate dehydrogenase can occur with physical overload, in newborn babies and in women during fetal gestation.

In clinical practice, the diseases associated with the increase of this substance are distinguished:

• all types of hepatitis;
• cirrhotic liver disease;
• acute leukemia;
• muscular dystrophy;
• of jaundice of mechanical origin;
• IM, chronic carious insufficiency, inflammation of the heart muscle;
• traumatic lesions with a violation of the integrity of muscle tissue;
• kidney disease( pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, kidney infarction, CRF);
• acute pancreatitis;
• oncology;
• is a burn disease, shock, a pronounced hypoxic condition;
• megaloblastic and hemolytic anemia.

Providing an increase in lactate dehydrogenase may prolong the intake of NSAIDs, anesthetics and caffeine.

Lactate dehydrogenase is increased in a child usually at an early age, and then, as it grows older, it begins to decline.

There are five varieties of this enzyme. LDH-1 and 2 are found in the heart muscle and blood cells, LDG-3 can be detected in the lungs, LDG-4 in the renal tissue, placenta, pancreas, and 5 is detected in skeletal muscles and hepatocytes.

Detection of one of the isoenzymes helps to reliably determine which organ or system is subjected to a destructive process.

Lactate dehydrogenase in various diseases

Myocardial infarction is accompanied by an increase in LDH in the first few days from the onset of its development, and its level increases 15-fold, coming to normal only after two weeks.

The diagnostic value of this indicator increases in the case of an atypical clinical picture of the disease, as well as in differential diagnosis of MI and other acute conditions accompanied by pain in the chest.

Earlier AST and creatin kinases were used to determine this pathology. In modern laboratories the level of troponin is determined as a more sensitive marker, but the urgency of determining LDH as an additional indicator remains.

In hepatitis with lesions of the liver parenchyma, the increase in lactate dehydrogenase occurs at the first time with the development of jaundice. Its figures are directly proportional to the severity of the disease. With an average and easy flow, the indicators quickly come to a normal level.

When the destruction of muscle tissue during various inflammatory processes, pronounced trauma, atrophic processes, metabolic disorders and as a result of endocrine pathology, LDH begins to increase.

If the muscle pathology is neurogenic, the enzyme level remains at a normal level.

LDG reduction

LDH lactate dehydrogenase is usually lowered if there are genetic disorders associated with its production. A certain decrease in the indices is observed when ingesting ascorbic acid.

Normally, a decrease in DLG is observed with effective treatment of tumors, hemolytic anemia or leukemia. Inhibition of the enzyme occurs in the presence of oxalates and urea.

Why LDH is determined

Blood lactate dehydrogenase is an indispensable measure if necessary: ​​

1. Perform a general diagnosis of acute or chronic tissue destruction process.
2. Determine when diagnosing diseases accompanied by acute pain in the chest.
3. Definition of diseases that result in the breakdown of red blood cells.
4. Check the course of the oncological pathology during its treatment.
5. Determine the type of anemia.
6. When examining and treating a patient with impaired renal or hepatic function.
7. In case of traumatic or other damage to muscle tissue.

How to take the

test In order to get the correct result, you should follow certain rules when passing such an analysis:

• is best done in the morning and on an empty stomach;
• should not be taken the day before some medications( vitamin C, aspirin, miramistin);
• you can not drink alcoholic beverages;
• should be limited to physical activity before delivery;
• should also refrain from smoking half an hour before the test;
• the result may be influenced by hemodialysis, or the presence of thrombocytosis.

At the moment, there are two main ways to determine the blood lactate dehydrogenase - spectrometric and photometric.

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