How to install Linux Ubuntu: instructions in pictures

how to install Windows 8, and also did a small superficial review of Windows 8. For the logical continuation of this series of manuals and reviews we will tell you how to install the Linux operating system on your computer or laptop.

In this article we will consider such questions:

To date, one of the most popular Linux distributions is Linux Ubuntu. It is this Linux distribution that is most often installed on the laptops sold, unlike other Linux operating systems. At the moment, Ubuntu is one of the most progressive distributions, but many linux writers are of the opinion that Ubuntu has lost its primary philosophy and is no longer as "simple" as it used to be. Yes, probably this is really true - the innovations introduced over the last 2-3 years made Ubuntu quite a resource-intensive system, and it no longer has the simplicity that was before - the philosophy of Linux.

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Linux-Mint and Linux openSUSE are more demanding Linux distributions. Both of these distributions are popular with users due to their simplicity, and most importantly - not the demand for resources. It is on these three distributions that we recommend to stop your choice. On which distribution to stop for you - decide for yourself, after trying all these types of operating systems, besides, you can do it even without installation by running the OS from the installation disk.

Our linux installation manual we will build on Linux Ubuntu, in view of its great popularity.

Installing Linux

First, let's talk about how to install Linux from a disk.
First of all we go to the Russian-language site Ubuntu «ubuntu.ru "and load the latest image of the system from there. Then, from the list of suggested images, choose the image that suits the architecture of your computer or laptop. Of course, it's best to install a 64-bit operating system, but if your computer does not allow you to do this, you will have to install a 32-bit OS.

Minimum computer requirements Linux Ubuntu
Minimum computer requirements if you want to install Ubuntu x32:

Processor: 1 GHz;

RAM: 512 MB;

Free space on HDD: 5 GB;

Video adapter: discrete or integrated.

Recommended requirements if you want to install Ubuntu x64:

Processor: 2 GHz x2;

RAM: 4 GB;

Free space on HDD: 20 GB;

Video adapter: discrete or integrated.

Image of Linux Ubuntu
The image reference should be in the following format: releases.ubuntu.com /13.04/ ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent, where 13.04 is the year and month of the release of the OS version, "desktop" means that the version is intended for the home PC, not for the server, and the last parameter "i386" is a 32-bit OS, and "amd64" is 64-eh bit.

Next, click on the link we need and upload the image to your hard drive. Note that to download the image you must have a torrent client, for Windows it's uTorrent. Then we insert into the optical drive a blank DVD disc, preferably R, and produce an image recording on it. While the image is being written to the disk, re-save the data.

Removing
data If you have Windows installed, pre-dry all your files from the "C" drive, especially the "Downloads" and "Documents" folders, as this partition will be formatted when installing Linux. Re-save also all save games( although you will not need them in Linux, but nevertheless).Also go to the browser and re-save all your passwords and bookmark sites, if you do not remember them.

Preparing to Install
Now that everything is saved, we insert the installation disk into the drive and reboot the computer or laptop. After reboot, when restarting the computer, go to Bios and set the following parameters in the operating system startup settings: primary boot - "CDROM", secondary - "Hard Drive".This is necessary for the machine not to ignore the installation disk and boot from it, and not start the system boot from the hard disk. After setting such parameters, save the changes made and restart the computer. In order to boot from the disk, it is possible that you will need to confirm this type of download. After that, after a few seconds, the Ubuntu boot loader window will appear.
Next, you will be presented with instructions for installing Linux in pictures, where we will tell and clearly demonstrate how to properly install Linux.

Installation process for Linux

When loading from disk, you will see the following welcome screen, where you will be asked to select a language.

After you have chosen the language, choose one of the suggested actions: "Try Ubuntu" or "Install Ubuntu".By selecting "Try Ubuntu", the operating system boots from the disk, and you can test Ubuntu without installing it - it's very convenient. If you are already familiar with Ubuntu, and you liked it, then choose "Install Ubuntu".

As our article is devoted to installing the Ubuntu OS, we will tell you about its installation, not testing. So, selecting the option to install Ubuntu, you will need to make some settings.

First, the installer will check if your machine meets all necessary parameters:

Is there free space on the

hard drive Is the device( in this case a laptop or netbook) connected to the

power source? Is the device connected to the

Internet? Also you can choose tothe installed operating system immediately downloaded the necessary package of drivers, codecs, etc. To do this, leave a tick next to the item "Download updates during installation".Then click the "Continue" button.

Now we are asked to choose the type of installation. In case you have a new hard disk and there is no data on it, then you can choose the option: "Erase disk and install Ubuntu", but for experienced users we recommend to choose "Another option".

If the installer detects previously installed operating systems, for example Windows, then the options will be slightly different, the installer will offer to remove the previous operating system and install Ubuntu in its place, but note that if you select this option, the installer will format the entire hard drive, includingand the disc "D".In this case, we recommend that you also select "Other option" of the installation type. After we chose this option, go to the hard disk partition management menu.

If you have a clean and unformatted disk, you need to create a "New Partition Table".If the sections already exist, then you do not need to create a new table.

If the hard disk is not formatted, you will see the following.

Select the free space and then click on the "+" button.

To create a section, enter its desired size and the following parameters:

Type of the new section: Primary;

Location of the new section: The beginning of this space;

Use as: Log file system Ext4;Mounting point:.

Then click the "OK" button. Note that if you install the operating system on a clean HDD, then unlike Windows, it is not necessary to divide it into several partitions, because there is a slightly different architecture. Therefore, we make 2 sections: the main( OS and files) and the swap partition.

Next, create a swap partition equal to the amount of your RAM.If the amount of RAM is less than 2 GB, then set the size of at least 2 GB, but not more. If the amount of RAM is more than 2 GB, then the size of the paging file must be equal to the amount of RAM.The swap partition is created in the same way as the main partition. Select the available space, press the "+" button and enter the following:

Main section type: Logical;

Location of the new section: The beginning of this space;

Use as: Swap partition.

Confirm the creation of the swap partition by clicking the "OK" button.
If you have data on the "D" drive, select this section and click the edit button. In the window choose:

Use as: NTFS;

Section: Do NOT format ;

Mounting point: /media/ "name if desired by Latin"( for example: "/media/ win").

Press the "OK" button. We perform the same operation with other NTFS partitions, of course, giving them different names for the mount point, for example: "/media/ download", "/media/ documents", etc.(the mount point is entered without quotes).

We recheck all the settings and click the "Install Now" button.

After this, preparation for installation begins.

The installer will ask you to select your location on the map by selecting - press the "Continue" button.

Then select the keyboard layout.

We recommend to select the English layout( after installing the system in the settings add Russian).Then click the "Continue" button.

The next thing the installer will ask us to do is enter the user account settings. You will need to enter:

Your name - enter your name( Latin);

The name of your computer - preferably the original( Latin);

Username - nickname of the user( Latin);

Enter the account password and its confirmation;

Select the type of login to the system: automatic or only when entering a password( encryption of personal data).

A few words about the password. Of course, the more reliable the password, the better, but keep in mind that you will need to enter it very often, so think up an easy input combination and remember it.

If your computer is at home and you are the only one using it, then you will choose the option of automatic login to the system, without entering a password. We check the entered information and click "Continue".

After that, the installer will show you a slideshow about new features and benefits of Ubuntu, we will not go into detail on this, as you will have time to familiarize yourself with these slides during the installation process. After viewing the slides, you will see a window where you will be offered to visit the official Ubuntu website, if you still have questions about the operating system being installed.

After the installation process is completed, the corresponding window will inform you about it.

Then click the "Reload" button and the console will appear on the screen. When rebooting the computer, we recommend returning the operating system startup parameters: the primary boot is "Hard Drive", the secondary one is "CDROM".We advise you to make this launch configuration so that the operating system boots faster. We extract the installation disk, save the changes to the startup settings and restart the computer.

Congratulations! Linux Ubuntu is installed on your computer!

Is it worth installing Linux

Quite a rhetorical question: to install Linux or not. It's impossible to answer it unequivocally, because there are a lot of advantages and disadvantages for Linux that affect this answer. Let's consider them.

So, the first advantage of Linux, in comparison with Windows, is that Linux is a free operating system and this is the main advantage. Thus, you save about $ 100, preferring Linux, not Windows.

The main disadvantages of Linux include software for Linux. Most of the programs that are familiar to you in the new operating system will not work, and therefore it will be necessary to search and select worthy analogs. By the way, there are a lot of analogues of Windows-programs on Linux, some programs are better in some ways, but something is worse, but, nevertheless, they are, and this is an undoubted advantage. Moreover, for the Linux operating system special versions of programs that are released for Windows are also released.

Thanks to the special emulator programs, which are tasked with the virtual creation of the Windows shell, they can install quite a large number of versions of programs from Windows to Linux, for example: Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, Apple iTunes and many other popular Windows programs that willare very necessary for working in Linux. As for programs for Linux, they are in the vast majority free of charge and this is an undoubted "plus".
As for games, the situation here is somewhat worse, since popular Windows-based games will not be available on Linux, except for online versions.
For Linux, also not the best option, because specialized software is written in almost the absolute majority for Windows.

So, let's sum up a little. Linux - the best option for a home computer, if its purpose is: watching movies, listening to music and visiting Internet resources. In any case, if you were visited with the idea of installing Linux, then install it with a second system or test it from the disk, without removing Windows, to make a conclusion for yourself: whether to switch completely to Linux or not.

If you are not impressed with the new version of the operating system from Microsoft - Windows 8 or you want something new, then perhaps the only alternative can be the Linux operating system. In our previous articles, we have already talked about how,