Beans

Vegetable beans are cold-resistant plants. Of all the leguminous crops, they are least demanding of heat. The optimum growth temperature of beans is 17-18 degrees, and shoots appear already at a temperature of 1 degree, young shoots and adult plants withstand short-term frosts to -4 degrees. Therefore, you can sow beans at the earliest possible time.

Beans prefer heavy, clayey, well moisture-retaining soils, fertilized before sowing with manure. On peat bogs, it is necessary to additionally introduce microfertilizers, especially copper. Sandy or acidic soils, shaded places are not suitable for them.

Beans can be sown with dry seeds into moist soil, but since bean grains are very dense, it is better to soak them for 5-6 hours in water before sowing, then warm for 5 minutes in hot( 53 degree) water to clean withsurface of grains of pathogens. After warming immediately lower the beans in cold water and sow in prepared soil, in which before sowing it is necessary to add 112 buckets of organic per square meter of sown area, add 1 square meter to the same area.spoons of double superphosphate and potassium chloride and 2 cups of ashes under a digging.

Rows of beans make at a distance of 30-40 cm, and in the row they are laid out at a distance of 5 cm from each other.

Sometimes it is recommended to sow beans together with potatoes. This should not be done. First, beans grow faster than potatoes and shade its young shoots, and potatoes are a very light-loving crop. Secondly, beans, like potatoes, like potassium, so "eat potatoes."Thirdly, on the roots of the beans live nodule bacteria, supplying the plant with nitrogen, and very often with joint planting of beans and potatoes, the latter is affected by scab. It's not deadly, but it's not necessary at all. And the last thing: the harvest of potatoes, as a rule, falls, but does not increase.

Beans can be planted around the perimeter of the potato field or any other planting as a curtain protecting the cold wind. In addition, a closed loop of beans( but only necessarily from Russian black beans), sown at a distance of 12-15 cm from each other, are afraid of moles.

Care consists of a single feeding with infusion of weeds at a young age and regular loosening of the soil. When the plants reach a height of half a meter, they are hilled for greater stability. Loosening is stopped.

At the beginning of mass flowering, the tip of the beans is broken, firstly, to stop their growth upward;secondly, to avoid the black melon aphid, which in August likes to attack the young tops of the beans. Before the flowering begins, the beans are watered only in arid weather, with the beginning of flowering - regularly.

Young planting should be protected from birds, especially from crows and rooks, which pull out sprouts.

Common diseases of beans are black leg, rust, root spot, askochitosis, fusariosis. It helps with all these diseases watering plants and soil with a solution of "Phytosporin".Usually, beans when sowing healthy seeds and with good care are not affected.

Of the pests, the most dangerous nodule weevil, which eats young leaves, and its larva feeds on nodules on the roots, which leads to premature death of the plant. In the second half of the summer, beans are attacked by different species of aphids. Against pests, you can use "Fitoverm".

Cleaning is done as it ripens( the leaves of the ripened beans turn black).Seeds are dried and stored in a dry room. They retain their germination for 10 years.

The beans contain protein, vitamins, all the necessary amino acids. Beans are also a valuable forage crop. They are used, along with peas, to enrich the soil with nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and biologically active substances. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the use of raw beans, especially immature ones, is not recommended, since they contain substances harmful to health.