Cystitis( inflammation of the bladder) in men - Causes, symptoms and treatment. MF.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder. Separately, this pathology is distinguished among men and women. This is due to the peculiarities of the urethra and the risk factors that lead to the occurrence of cystitis in the male and female populations. In this article, we examine the inflammation of the bladder in men. Inflammation of the urinary bladder in women is described in detail in the article "Cystitis in women and girls," general information on cystitis in the article "Cystitis acute and chronic"

Causes of cystitis in men

The most common cause of inflammation of the mucosa of the bladder,and in women, is the presence of an infectious agent. Most often, bacteria enter the bladder cavity through the urethra. It happens during illnesses of the last or after medical manipulations that are accompanied by penetration of instrumentation into the bladder.

In addition, the infection can get into the bladder and by blood. In this case, the most frequent causative agent of cystitis is the E. coli, which can normally be found in the lumen of the large intestine.

Most often, cystitis in men develops against a background of another pathology of the bladder. Predisposing to inflammation of the bladder may be factors such as prostate adenoma or bladder stones, which make it difficult to drain urine from its cavity. In addition, cystitis often develops against a background of traumatic damage to the mucous membrane of the bladder or during avitaminosis.

Also, inflammation of the bladder can develop against a background of infectious kidney disease, when the bacterial agent enters its cavity with a current of urine. The truth is, in this case, the symptomatology comes from the kidneys, not the bladder.

Symptoms of inflammation of the bladder( cystitis) in men

The main symptom that can push a doctor to determine a cystitis are pain and eradication during urination. In addition, urine has a cloudy hue, and at the end of the act, and at all, blood can be detected. It is blood in the final portion of urine and is a specific sign of cystitis in men.

In addition to local symptoms, patients suffering from cystitis also suffer from general weakness, malaise, fever.

Diagnosis of cystitis in men

The first test that will have to be given to patients with cystitis is a general blood test. In it, as a rule, an increased number of leukocytes, an increased rate of erythrocyte sedimentation, and an increase in the number of stab cells are determined. All these signs give grounds to assert that in the human body there is an infectious inflammatory process.

For more accurate diagnosis, a general urine test should be performed. In this study, it is possible to determine the murky color of urine, a small amount of epithelium and fresh red blood cells. Fresh red blood cells are red blood cells that appear in the urine due to bleeding from the mucous membrane of the bladder or urethra. They need to be distinguished from alkaline erythrocytes, which also indicate an inflammatory process, only not in the bladder, but in the kidneys.

The next step is to identify the causative agent of the disease in urine, which can be carried out in two ways: microscopic and bacteriological. During the first urine, under laboratory conditions, they look under a microscope. In a small number of cases it is possible to see the causative agent of the disease and make a preliminary diagnosis. But even despite the effectiveness of this method, in any case, a bacteriological method is used, during which the urine is sown on a nutrient medium. If there is a pathogen in this biological fluid, a whole colony of bacteria grows in a test tube a few days later, which can already be accurately diagnosed.

If in laboratory conditions it was possible to isolate the causative agent of the disease, then it is immediately checked for sensitivity to antibiotics. This is done in order to determine which particular drug will be more effective in treating the patient. To date, this method, in some ways, has lost its relevance, since most antibiotics that are sold in the pharmaceutical market have a wide range of action and kill almost any bacteria.

In addition to laboratory diagnosis during the cystitis, ultrasound can be used. Such a method does not at all give information about the bladder, but may indicate the presence of concomitant renal disease, which in many cases is the cause of cystitis.

Ultrasound of chronic cystitis

Treatment of cystitis in men

In the protocols for the treatment of acute and chronic cystitis, the first point is the extermination of the cause of the disease. In most cases, it can not be determined. But then, when it is possible, they begin to treat it. For example, if there is a violation of the outflow of urine, which can be caused by prostate adenoma or prostatitis, the urethral catheter is installed. However, during the last procedure it is necessary to be extremely cautious, since in many cases a poorly processed catheter can become an immediate cause of cystitis.

The next point is treatment of the infection. And, this applies not only to the bladder. If other foci of chronic infection are present in the body, for example, chronic tonsillitis or cholecystitis, then they also need to be disposed of. To this end, antibacterial agents of a wide spectrum of action are used, such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin and others.

If cystitis is accompanied by severe pain, then for his treatment can be used antispasmodic drugs that have an analgesic effect. This group includes drotaverin, papaverine, spasmalgon and others. They can be purchased at the pharmacy without a prescription.

Features of diet and lifestyle with cystitis

As for lifestyle, first of all, sick men should avoid any hypothermia, which can translate acute cystitis into chronic. In especially severe cases, patients are even assigned to bed rest in order to maintain the strength of the body to fight infection.

Regarding nutrition, in the acute period of cystitis it is recommended to exclude from the diet any sharp and salty foods, as well as alcoholic beverages. It is believed that these products reduce the acidity of urine, which contributes to the active development of infection in the bladder and urinary tract.

Rehabilitation after inflammation of the bladder

Because antibiotics are very actively used to treat cystitis, rehabilitation after the disease is aimed at restoring normal intestinal microflora. For this purpose, benign bacteria are used, which are taken in the form of tablets or capsules. Very quickly and productively restore normal digestion such drugs as latsidofil or bifiform. In addition to the fact that they already have mature bacteria, similar drugs help to better digest food. These drugs are, in fact, vitamins and they can be purchased at any pharmacy without a prescription.

Treatment with folk remedies

Cystitis can not be called a very serious disease in comparison with other pathologies of the urinary system. Therefore, quite often the symptoms of such a disease begin to regress even after a minor treatment with folk remedies. For this purpose, decoctions of herbs with a diuretic effect are used. Thanks to this action, they contribute to better excretion of bacteria from the body and accelerate the healing process.

In addition, local mechanical procedures may prove to be quite effective. Thus, with a pronounced pain syndrome, warmers and warm foot baths are used. These measures have an antispasmodic effect, thus reducing the pain syndrome.

Complications of cystitis

The most dangerous complication of cystitis is pyelonephritis, which occurs due to the ascending pathway of infection. It manifests itself with sharp pains in the area of ​​the kidneys and the appearance of pus in the urine. This complication is also dangerous because the kidney function may be completely impaired, which will lead to a very serious condition called urosepsis. In this situation, it can also be a lethal outcome for such a patient. Although it is necessary to note a very small number of similar complications that occur, most often, in patients with weakened immune system.

In order that the reverse current of infected urine does not occur, it is necessary to ensure adequate evacuation of the latter. This can be achieved by setting the urethral catheter.

One of the symptoms of cystitis is the presence of blood in the urine. If a large amount of the latter is combined with a poor outflow of urine, then a clot of the blood in the bladder - a hematoma - can arise. This complication leads to a second wave of development of the infectious process, and in some cases can be complicated by obstruction of the ureters and renal colic.

Another complication of acute cystitis is its interstitial form. In this case, the infected urine seeps into the mucous membrane of the bladder and causes its internal inflammation. In this situation, the tactics of treating cystitis change in the direction of increasing doses of antibiotic therapy.

Interstitial cystitis picture

Prevention of bladder inflammation in men

Since in most of the cases the cause of cystitis is a bacterial infection, primary prevention should be directed to this. If the body has a focus of a chronic infection, then it must be removed surgically or therapeutically. For example, very often cystitis occurs against a background of chronic inflammation of the gallbladder or chronic tonsillitis.

It must also be remembered that only because of tonsillitis cystitis can not develop. Immediate factors include bladder trauma or local hypothermia. For the prevention of the latter, it is recommended to wear warm clothes, especially in the winter season.

Another area in the prevention of acute and chronic cystitis is the treatment of prostate, kidney and urethra, which lead to stagnation of urine in the bladder and the development of infection there. This is due to the fact that it is from them that the infection is very convenient to spread to the bladder.

The process of prevention of cystitis, as well as other diseases of the genitourinary system abroad, is very well established, where every man must pass an ultrasound examination of the genitourinary system twice a year.

Rev.the doctor the urologist, the sexologist-andrologist Plotnikov А.N.