Perennial bows
Amateur gardeners usually grow on their sites perennial bows: brass, slizun, shnit, multilevel, fast and others. These bows in most do not form a bulb-turnip, they are used only on the pen. All these bows are winter hardy. Their greens appear, as soon as the snow melts on the landing site, this is their main value. Usually, the seeds of the "blackies" of these onions are immediately sown to the place prepared for them. This can be done from the end of April to the middle of the year. Later terms of sowing are not suitable, since bows should grow and accumulate a sufficient supply of nutrients for a successful overwintering. You can first grow fast growing crops in the garden: lettuce, radish, dill, and after their harvesting, sow onions in this garden bed .
Perennial bows can be grown in a one-year culture, but you can leave the onions grow in the garden for 3-4 years. Then it will be necessary to arrange it according to the scheme of 25 x 25 cm, it is better to another place, otherwise the strongly overgrown family begins to press each other and the pen is tiny, the taste qualities deteriorate. The soil for perennial onions is prepared in the same way as for sowing onion seeds, and care of the shoots is exactly the same. But, in contrast to onions, perennial bows can be grown on neutral( pH 5.5- 6), and some of them even on slightly acidic( pH 5-5.5) soils.
There is a very important detail. Perennial bows can not compete with perennial weeds, the latter will be suppressed. Therefore, beds under the crops of perennial onions for cultivation in one place should be completely free from weeds. This should be carefully monitored, in time destroying the emerging weeds. The easiest way to combat weed emergence is the timely loosening of the onion between rows. Especially important is the first loosening, when shoots have not yet appeared. To not accidentally damage the germinating plants of onions, one must simultaneously plant several seeds of the lighthouse culture in each row, which will quickly ascend and mark the onion rows. A salad is best for this. The rows of onions will have to be loosened constantly: firstly, to systematically destroy the shoots of weeds that are most vulnerable in the cotyledonous leaf stage, and secondly to replace the watering of the onions. For onions, loosening is generally preferable to irrigation.
The first cut can be done as soon as the onion grows 5-6 green feathers. Then it is necessary to give nitrogen fertilizing, better organic. Cutting the pen makes as necessary all the first half of the summer. Then the onion will bloom, at this moment it should give a complex mineral fertilizing. A month before the onset of frost, many years of onions should be fed with phosphorus and potassium for a better winter, if you grow it in a long-term culture. With the July sowing by autumn, the onion will have 4-5 leaves.
His cleaning is done in the spring. You can only cut the feather, leaving the onion to grow in a perennial culture, and you can remove the above-ground part with the roots and in July plant later crops in this bed: radish, spinach, dill, which can still yield.
If you grow onions in a one-year culture, then it's best to plant it on seedlings in early April, and then transplant it to the loose plant after growing a salad or radish plant at an age when it has 3-4 real leaves. Do it better with a bouquet, that is, immediately 3-4 plants per well according to the scheme of 30 x 30 cm. Then you will harvest the onion harvest 1.5 months after planting the seedlings on the bed and have time to cultivate radish or dill in this garden bed after harvesting.
When growing perennial onions in the same place for several years in a row, it is necessary to give them fertilizing with organic fertilizers in the spring, before flowering after cutting green - by any complex fertilizer, and at the end of September - phosphoric-potassium top dressing.
The first spring appears chives. It has a shallow, low( only 15-18 cm), but very gentle pen. Before flowering, you can make two cuts. Blossoms shnitt small light purple balls, which look very elegant. For chives, you can not allocate a special place in the garden, and grow it as perennial on an alpine or rocky hill or simply in a flowerbed before tall perennial flowers. There was a variety with larger leaves called Lilac Bell, whose elegant leaves have a lilac ebb.
The onion-baton appears a little later, but also almost immediately from under the snow. He has a larger and taller feather, about 25-30 cm. Green has a bluish tinge. The taste is less sharp than on onions. The first green can be a little rough, but the more it is cut, the more tender it becomes. The flowers of this bow are white.
Almost too early there is a multi-tiered onion. He has other names: catavissa, horned horn, Egyptian, viviparous. It is frost-hardy and undemanding to the conditions of growth. This perennial plant, and it has bulbs - both underground and air bulbs onions. All bulbs of many-tiered onions can withstand frosts to -50 degrees, they can be stored frozen.
Onions work well on sandy loams and loamy soils. If the soil is rich in organic matter, then it can not be fed, but with intensive cuts, organic fertilizing will still be required. Responsive to this bow for the introduction of ash( a glass per 1 m2 of planting once a season, closer to the autumn).Now there is a good grade Memory( early and winter hardy).
The multi-tiered onion multiplies mainly by air bulbs. Large bulbs are planted according to the scheme of 25 x 25 cm to a depth of about 10 cm. The smaller ones are 10 x 10 cm in diameter to a depth of about 6 cm. The best time for planting is the early spring or August-September.
In the first year after planting the bulb, the onion does not give much greens, but the feather can reach 50-60 cm. At the ends appear bulbots of the first order, that is, small onions begin to grow on the end of the feather, which in turn grows a feather. On the annual plants, the largest bulbs are formed, but of course they have no commercial significance. In the same year of the tiered onion, fairly large underground bulbs are formed, which can be excavated, stored and used as a bulb onion, and dropped onions over the winter and repeated all over again, that is, to plant a multi-tiered onion in a one-year culture. However, it is better to use it as perennial.
If the underground bulbs are not excavated, next year the feather will grow again, a little shorter than in the first year, and with smaller bulbs at the ends. As soon as the pen, which appeared from the first-order pellets, will grow by 15-20 cm, at its ends bulblets of the second order appear, even smaller ones. This year, and the underground bulbs will be smaller, because the remaining wintering bulbs will separate and give 2-5 new bulbs. In the third year, already 3 tiers of bulbots are formed, and underground bulbs - a whole nest.
For reproduction, it is most advantageous to collect all above-ground and all underground bulbs of the third year. When planting bulbots of the first layer, the underground bulbs grow large, up to 7 cm in diameter. When planting bulbocks of the second order, the underground bulbs are smaller, but also quite large. In the following years, all bulbs are small. If you do not need a large planting material, then you must leave only a few plants with first-order pellets for further plantation support, and with the rest of the onion constantly cut off the feather and in the autumn dig up the bulbs. The green on the stack of onions is dark, unusual and very pleasant.
It is interesting that this onion can be grown in an apartment on the windowsills in winter, in flower pots or boxes. In contrast to onions, its bulbs and bulbocks do not have a period of rest, so they give greens in December and January, and during winter they easily survive several cuts. Soils for growing a layer of onions at home are required very little, but you will need to do the feeding regularly, about once every ten days. For this purpose, fertilizers AVA or "Uniflor-growth" are best.
Among the perennial bows there is a short onion that blooms exceptionally beautifully with red or white flowers collected in spherical inflorescences approximately 4-5 cm in diameter. It can be used for purely decorative purposes on flowerbeds, but it is possible to cut green grass, since it has a pleasant acuity, like all bows, but less bitter.
There are also more rare bows, for example, onion angular, widely distributed in Western and Eastern Siberia. He gives a bunch of narrow linear( as in garlic) bright green leaves that depart from small onions, attached to the rhizome. The leaves of the onion are pleasant to the taste, tender, long not grubby. He gives the pen one of the first among perennial bows.
Propagate this onion with seeds that should be sown either early in the spring or in the second half of the summer. The cut of the pen is done in the middle-end of May. At the end of May, the onion blooms and blooms in a semi-spherical inflorescence of pink-lilac color. The height of the angular onion is about 40-50 cm. With seed multiplication, the number of bulbs in the nest can reach 15-20 pieces, and the number of leaves - 80-100.During flowering plants are very decorative, so angular bow can be used for flower beds and slides. It is resistant to diseases and pests, cold and unpretentious.
Bow oblique is known for us even less. Its bulb is small, about 3 cm in diameter, but the above-ground part of the plant has a powerful stem up to 1.5 m high, dressed with 6-7 vaginal broad leaves, which makes it somewhat similar to corn. The stem ends in a small globular inflorescence of yellowish color.
Both bulb and leaves are used for food. They have a pleasant garlic flavor, but much softer. It can be eaten by children, elderly people and those who suffer from pancreatic disease.
Onions are good for rich in humus, sufficiently moistened soils. It is easily propagated by seeds, like onions. Seeds have good germination, plants easily tolerate transplantation at any age, so the oblique onion can be grown through seedlings. His seeds are larger than those of the onion, and also black. In the first year of planting, it forms a small plant with a small bulb-one-tooth. By the end of the season, by the end of the season, the plant reaches a meter and the bulb is covered with a pair of scales. Flowering usually occurs in the third year, at the end of June, and in August the plant gives fully ripened seeds. It is recommended to sow freshly harvested seeds in autumn or early spring.
Like all bows, its seeds retain their germination for a short time( 2-3 years).For the first 3 years it is recommended to use only leaves for food, and in the fourth year, onions can be excavated in the fall, along with bulbs that can be eaten or used for vegetative propagation, by dropping them into the soil immediately after drying or early spring. Plants from bulbs bloom in the year of planting, and bulbs can be excavated in autumn. Care is the same as for onions: in spring organic feeding, before flowering - full mineral, in late August - phosphate-potash. Watering is done in dry summer, but it is better to replace them with regular loosening.
The onion slug has flat leaves with a delicate, slightly garlic flavor. Bulbs it does not form. It is grown in a perennial culture and propagated usually by dividing the bush. Bushes can grow in one place for 4-5 years, but then they should be divided and planted. Like all bows, slime contains vitamins, mineral salts, organic acids. Since there is no bitterness in it, this bow can be eaten by children, elderly people and those whose body can not tolerate garlic or onions.
Bear onion, or wild garlic, as well as slug, has a garlic flavor. It is widely distributed in nature in Western and Eastern Siberia. Like any onion, it contains many useful substances and has bactericidal properties.
Propagates by seeds, which must be sown in autumn. Germination of seeds is poor. In the Northwest, wild garlic grows poorly, because it does not tolerate winter thaws, although in itself it is very winter hardy.
It is usually salted, marinated and used as a seasoning for meat dishes.