Asthenopia - Causes, symptoms and treatment. MF.

Asthenopia - subjective symptoms of visual fatigue, manifested in a decrease in visual acuity, indistinctness or intermittence of the objects under consideration, for example letters, there is a headache, a veil, a feeling of "sand" in the eyes, photophobia.

Most often these complaints intensify when working at close range, weaken or absent during rest.

Causes of astenopia

Risk factors for asthenopia development: reading under low light, working on a computer for a long time or watching TV, staying at the wheel for a long time, especially at dusk and at night, working with constant visual tension, incorrect correction of ametropies, common diseases, in particular endocrine,intoxication.

There are several types of asthenopia: muscular( associated with the weakness of convergence), accommodative( decreases the accommodation reserve), mixed( disruption of convergence and accommodation), nervous( associated with stress and mental disorders), symptomatic( with various pathologies of the eye and nearby organs).

Muscular arises with uncorrected or incorrectly selected correction of myopia and astigmatism, as well as in general diseases in which direct muscles of the eye are affected, for example endocrine diseases( thyrotoxicosis), myasthenia gravis, myositis.

With nearsightedness, work at close range occurs with an increase in accommodation, which is carried out with the help of internal rectus muscles. In strabismus, muscle fatigue occurs due to fatigue due to the desire to overcome eye deflection.

Causes of accommodation asthenopia - accommodation spasm, inadequate correction of hypermetropia and astigmatism, ocular and general pathology, leading to weakness of the ciliary muscle, for example, inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the eye. When working at close range, a tension of accommodation is necessary, which is carried out with the help of ciliary muscles.

Diagnosis of astenopia

Diagnosis of asthenopia requires special research methods:

- determination of visual acuity with correction and without;
- skiascopy;
- refractometry with the usual pupil and with mydriasis;
- determination of the angle of strabismus using the Hirschberg method and synoptophore;
- determination of the nature of vision using a four-point test;
- measurement of the accommodation reserve - an opaque screen is placed in front of one eye and others are offered to read the text at a distance of 33 cm. Then negative lenses are placed in front of it with increasing power and allow some time to "get used to."The strongest lens, in which the text can still be read, is considered a reserve of accommodation. At the age of 20-30 it is 10 Dpt, after 40 years it decreases;
- the definition of fusional reserves is made on the synoptore. In this case, two parts of the image are joined together, then they start dividing the halves of the pictures and subjectively determine when the eye starts to perceive the image as 2 different. Normally, positive reserves( convergent) are 15-25 degrees, and negative( divergent) reserves are 3-5 degrees. With asthenopia they are reduced. Also can be determined with prismatic lenses.

Treatment of astenopia

Treatment is long and more dependent on the patient's desire. The main method is a correctly selected correction of ametropia, glasses or contact lenses. It is necessary to treat the cause of asthenopia, including extraocular pathology. To relieve the spasm of accommodation and relaxation of the ciliary muscle, atropine or mydriatic short-acting is instilled, for example, Mesatone, Irifrin, Midratsil, Tropicamide 1 drop every day or every other day for a night for a month.

Methods of hardware treatment are used to train reserves of accommodation, convergence and divergence. This is achieved with the help of positive lenses of different strength, prisms, simulators. Classes on synoptophore help to train and develop fusional reserves. Laser stimulation relaxes the ciliary muscle. The accommodative operator acts on accommodation when viewed near and far, and can be used in the home.

The

is also widely used in various computer programs. To remove eye fatigue and prevent the development of computer syndrome - EyeDefender, Safe eyes, RELAX.If there is a myopia, hypermetropia or strabismus, then EYE, Strabismus, Blade, Flower, Crosses, Contour, etc.

Asthenopic development prophylaxis:

- correct correction of refractive errors;
- observance of a mode of work and rest in relation to the eyes. Every hour of eye strain, you need to take breaks. At this time, you can do gymnastics for the eyes;
- adequate local and general lighting of the workplace;
- the use of special perforating glasses removes the tension of accommodation;
- vitamins for the eyes( Vitrum-VISION, Okuvaite lutein, Blueberry forte, etc.)

Forecast of asthenopia with timely treatment and compliance with all prevention rules is favorable.

Doctor ophthalmologist Letyuk T.Z.