Dystopia of the kidney - Causes, symptoms and treatment. MF.

Dystopia of the kidney is a complex congenital pathology, which is manifested by an abnormal arrangement of the kidney. In this case, the organ can be located in the cavity of the small pelvis, in the lumbar or iliac region, as well as in the chest cavity. In the latter case, the disease is referred to as the subdiaphragmatic dystopia .

If only one kidney is affected, then is spoken of homolateral dystopia , and if the two kidneys are located in the opposite sections of the abdominal cavity, the dystopia is called the heterralateral .

Causes of kidney dystopia

Such a pathology as kidney dystopia is an exclusively genetic anomaly. It should be understood that its development does not depend on the method of delivery and qualification of obstetricians.

Among the most common pathological factors that can lead to the development of kidney dystocia during the prenatal period, smoking, alcohol consumption, toxic effects of food, chemicals, stress and psychological trauma of the mother during pregnancy should be included.

We should not forget about the possibility of heredity in the development of kidney dystopia. Repeatedly there are cases when such a disease is transmitted genetically from mother to child.

Symptoms of kidney dystopia

The clinical picture of the disease depends entirely on the anatomical version of the dystopia. For example, if the kidney is located in the cavity of the small pelvis, then it can manifest with blunt pain. Women with a similar pathology even noted an increase in this symptomatology during menstruation.

The most difficult diagnosis is an intrathoracic dystopia or subdiaphragmatic. As practice shows, in most percent of cases, the kidney in the thoracic cavity is perceived for neoplasm. Symptoms are manifested by pain behind the sternum, which can be accompanied by shortness of breath or a violation of the passage of food through the esophagus. In the latter case, patients note a feeling of "lump" in the throat, which prevents the normal passage of food.

As a rule, the kidneys, which are not in their proper place, have an abnormal vascular pedicle that has the ability to bend or even tear at certain positions of the body. In any case, this affects the functional state of the organ. A person has problems with urination and the general condition worsens.

ileal dystopia of the kidney

It is also quite often that the abnormal location of the kidney can be determined after the onset of the disease of the latter. Pain in some part of the body, high fever, general weakness, impaired urination may indicate the presence of kidney disease, which can not always be found in a typical place for them.

Naturally, if you have any of the above symptoms, you should immediately contact your doctor. Problems of the kidneys, including dystopia, is the urologist. Another thing is that patients do not always turn to him, because the symptoms of dystopia can be very different.

In general, the approach to diagnosing such diseases should be planned. Each child before the execution of one year, it is necessary to routinely perform ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and kidneys, which will help prevent the development of a variety of diseases.

Diagnosis of dystopia

As a rule, if there is any symptomatology from the thoracic or abdominal cavity, a whole list of studies is performed on this part of the body. For example, during pains in the chest, is immediately followed by an X-ray survey of the and region of the ultrasound. Often, these studies make it possible to determine only the presence of some voluminous neoplasm, but in no way give the opportunity to talk about the nature of the latter. Therefore, regardless of the location of the kidney, the excretory urograph should be performed, followed by an X-ray of the affected area. As practice shows, it makes it possible to determine the renal origin of the neoplasm cheaply and quickly.

Excretory urography with dystopia

A similar method is the renal angiography of , which involves contrasting X-ray examination of the kidney vessels. In dystopia, the vascular system of the kidney is not visualized in a typical place, but in other parts of the human body. For approximately the same purpose, renal renography or scintigraphy is performed.

Do not forget about general clinical analyzes of , in particular urine analysis. Since in most cases of kidney dystopia patients refer to a doctor with the presence of an inflammatory disease of the latter, this will affect the state of urine. For example, during pyelonephritis of a displaced kidney, a large number of leukocytes can be seen in the urine analysis. As for glomerulonephritis, then in the biological fluid the erythrocytes prevail.

Treatment of kidney dystopia

What is characteristic, the treatment of kidney dystopia does not depend on the type and extent of the displacement. When choosing the correction method, the focus is on the condition of the organ. In most cases, when patients are treated with symptoms of an inflammatory disease of the genitourinary system, antibiotic therapy with drugs such as furamag, ciprofloxacin and others is used.

In addition, in the presence of pain syndrome, anesthetics can be used: baralgina, spasmalgon, spazgan. In addition, that they reduce the pain syndrome, when they are taken, the inflammatory reaction in the organ decreases.

In cases where the displaced kidney has a strong mechanical effect on the organs or it itself is damaged due to circulatory disorders, the surgical intervention is applied, the essence of which is to remove or move the organ to its place. With regard to removal, it is performed only if there is complete necrosis of the kidney. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out a thorough ultrasound examination for the search for a second kidney, since the literature knows cases when a single kidney was removed. It is worth noting that if there is a dystopia of one kidney, then the absence of another is much more likely than in a healthy person.

Features of diet and lifestyle with kidney dystopia

Regardless of whether conservative or surgical treatment was performed for a patient with kidney dystopia, he is given dietary food - table number 7 according to Pevzner. It implies a complete rejection of acute extractives, alcohol, fried and smoked products. This diet should be adhered to not only the first time after the illness, but also throughout the rest of life.

In addition, it is necessary to avoid hypothermia and colds. Especially bad can affect the condition of the patient angina, which is caused by hemolytic streptococcus, as it through complex immune mechanisms affects the function of the kidneys. It is also necessary to strictly limit the water regime and not to consume large quantities of mineral waters with a high mineral content, so as not to contribute to the occurrence of urolithiasis.

Rehabilitation after

Disease Both in operated and non-operated patients need rehabilitation. The best for this purpose are resorts with healing mud and radon baths. For best effect, the last procedures are recommended to combine with the use of physiotherapy treatment. However, during the latter it is necessary to take into account the position of the kidney, since it can be located in places forbidden for the application of electrodes, for example, the heart region.

Quite often, surgery for kidney dystopia results in the removal of the nephrostomy, a tube through which the urine retreats into a separate reservoir. In such a situation, the patient experiences many social difficulties, which complicates his adaptation in society. Such patients are recommended psychotherapy courses from a professional psychologist. Especially relevant this issue is in the treatment of children and adolescents.

Treatment with folk remedies

With kidney dystopia, the use of folk remedies is simply unacceptable. The fact is that with the modern abundance of diagnostic equipment, it is not always possible to put an accurate diagnosis, which is already talking about traditional healers. Quite often they take inflammation of the displaced kidney completely for another disease and begin to actively treat it. At the same time, the main cause of worsening of the condition remains unnoticed and gradually progresses. Complications of kidney dystopia

The first group of complications of kidney dystopia is the mechanical effect of the organ on other body structures. The most dangerous are cases when under pressure of the kidney are large arterial or venous vessels, as well as nerve plexuses. In such a situation, neurological symptoms such as deterioration of sensitivity and mobility, as well as trophic changes in body parts may occur: hair loss, dry skin, peeling.

Besides this, the kidney itself can suffer from the wrong position. This is especially pronounced during the growth of the latter. Thus, her vascular pedicle and necropsy of the kidney may buckle, in other words, the necrosis of the organ tissue, which, as a rule, ends with an operation to remove the organ.

Prevention of pathology

As already mentioned, dystopia is a purely congenital pathology, which means that all its prevention should be carried out before the birth of the child. The first thing to do is go through medical genetic counseling and determine the risk of kidney dystopia in your child. At the same time, does not mean that with a high index of the latter from childbirth it is necessary to refuse. It's just better to be cautious and more responsible in terms of other risk factors.

Such pathological influences as smoking, drinking alcohol, irrational nutrition, the effect of chemicals and radiation, are risk factors for congenital pathologies, including kidney dystopia.

During the first year of a child's life, he needs to perform an ultrasound examination of the abdominal and kidney organs in order to determine the exact location of the latter. If there is a dystopia, you need to register and periodically undergo scheduled physical examinations.

Rev.doctor urologist Astashin Е.Е.