Types of trimming

Pruning is the main method of forming the crowns of trees and shrubs and one of the most important means of caring for them. Pruning is understood as the purposeful partial or complete removal of branches, shoots or plant roots, affecting its natural growth and aimed at obtaining regular and abundant harvests of high quality from the plant. Pruning does not contradict the biology of the tree, on the contrary, it is the embodiment of the processes occurring with it in natural nature. In natural conditions, branches in the crown of a tree that lacks light die off by themselves, if the branches in the crown are too sparse, free space is occupied by wolf or fatty shoots. All these processes occur in accordance with the nature of the tree, therefore, applying pruning, the gardener only acts in the direction of regulating the natural life processes.

Pruning promotes the redistribution and more rational use within the plant of moisture, nutrients necessary for the life of the plant, synthesized by the plant itself substances. Due to pruning, it is possible to regulate the ratio of all parts of the plant's plant organism, redistribute their load and to lead to a certain natural balance of the plant system, including wood, root system, deciduous mass, fruits. However, pruning can show its greatest effectiveness only in conjunction with other agrotechnical measures for the care and protection of plants.

Throughout the life of the fruit tree, the growth force, the ratio of the vegetative and generative parts of the plant, the fruiting force, the fatigue of the tree, the level of availability of vital resources, the physical and sanitary state of the plant. Accordingly, the type of trimming performed at different moments in the life of the tree will be different. Depending on the moment in the life of the tree and the targets with which the pruning is performed, distinguish:

- forming;supporting;reductive;sanitary;regulating;rejuvenating.

Forming pruning is used for young trees in order to gradually form the crown of the desired shape and size, is aimed at creating the crown of a young tree. The young tree is considered in the period from planting to 6 years after its planting in a permanent place, when the main elements are laid.

Tools for cutting and caring for a tree

1. A foldable hacksaw that can change the position of the handle can be useful for trimminghard-to-reach branches.

2. Secant for pruning branches on long handles, allowing you to create the necessary force to cut even thick enough branches.

3. Hacksaw for cutting old, otplodonosivshih, sick and damaged branches. In general, hacksaws and saws can be of various sizes and shapes, depending on the purpose.

4. Secateurs, or garden shears, - an indispensable tool in the garden. It is used for trimming shoots of fruit trees and berry bushes, tenderloins of raspberry, cutting thorn, cuttings cuttings and for other purposes.

5. The hacksaw with the clamping handle allows to install it at an angle of 90 °.

6. secreter- is another type of garden pruner.

7. Curved garden knife can be small, medium and large. A common feature of garden knives is a curved inside blade, which is very convenient for cutting small branches, wiping out wounds and dull

crowns, the main skeletal branches develop. During this period, the main task of pruning should be the uniform placement of overgrown branches along the entire length of the skeletal branches, achieving full illumination of the crown throughout the entire volume. Forming pruning may be needed later in an adult tree, when it will be necessary to form a new skeletal branch in place of broken, aged or lost, and also after a re-inoculation of the plant.

Support pruning is necessary throughout the life of the plant to maintain good growth, fructification and health in adult plants. Its main objectives: to prevent the emergence of growing branches beyond the formed crown, to maintain the illumination regime throughout the entire volume of the crown, to prevent the exposure of large

branches, observe the balance inside the crown, avoiding overloading the skeletal branches by young overgrown branches, maintaining the tree's ability to actively and stably grow and bear fruit. Restorative pruning may be needed if: the

tree is launched as a result of a long time trimming;

crown has grown very much, went beyond the set size of the crowns in height and width, it became inconvenient for care and harvesting, began to interfere with neighboring plants;violated the light regime inside the crown, it became practically impenetrable to light;

part of the crown died as a result of disease, breakage or cleavage, was frozen, damaged by natural phenomena and, as a result, became inferior, one-sided, sparse.

Restorative pruning, , as its name suggests, is aimed at restoring the crown, giving it the right dimensions and shape, creating a balance of skeletal, large and overgrown branches inside the crown, returning the crown to fullness, ability to grow and bear fruit.

Sanitary pruning is in many respects akin to restorative. Its task is to sanitize the crown, which consists in removing dry, broken, diseased, damaged branches that interfere with the development of the tree, creating a threat to the light regime of the crown and contributing to the reproduction of pests and diseases.

Regulating pruning is conducted with the aim of regulating fruiting in adult fruit-bearing plants to create conditions in which fruitwood will be successfully renewed and an intensive good growth is maintained, which ensures high yields.

Rejuvenating pruning is necessary for old trees to stimulate development, restore growth intensity and balance it with fruiting. In the period of full fruiting, a moment comes when the growth at the ends of the skeletal branches almost completely ceases. It is at this time that the rejuvenating pruning is performed, in which the branches are shortened at the border of the last strong growth, this ensures the restoration of the growth of the branch and limits the height of the tree to 3-3.5 m. With rejuvenating trimming, all hanging and thickening branches are subject to removal,, and of the most successfully located form semi skeletal and skeletal branches.