Polycystic pulmonary disease

Polycystic lung ( cystic hypoplasia) is a developmental disorder caused by intrauterine maldevelopment of lung tissue, vessels and bronchial tree with the formation of a large number of cavities. This defect occurs as a result of a violation of lung development at the 2-3 rd month of intrauterine development. Polycystic is characterized by a decrease in the volume of the respiratory( respiratory) part of the lung, signs of stopping the development of the bronchopulmonary apparatus, the formation of multiple cysts. Infection of the lung cysts leads to the formation of a chronic inflammatory process.

Polycystic is the most common malignancy in the lungs. Polycystic pulmonary disease can be of a family nature. This pathology is often combined with other malformations - diaphragmatic hernia, heart defects and bone system. Various developmental defects are observed in families of patients with polycystic pulmonary disease.

Polycystic pulmonary disease has a rather characteristic clinical picture.

The earliest signs of the disease appear usually in early childhood. The disease occurs with frequent outbreaks of the inflammatory process in the lungs, that is, frequent exacerbations occur. The main clinical signs of the disease are cough, purulent sputum, sometimes hemoptysis. Sick children are lagging behind in physical development. Nail phalanges of fingers are thickened( "drumsticks").The thorax is deformed with flattening on the side of the defect.

In the diagnosis of polycystic pulmonary disease, radiobiological examination is of primary importance. On radiographs and tomograms, cellular formations are found. Multiple rounded cavities are determined on bronchograms. Cystic formations are more often localized in the left lung or there is a bilateral defeat. In recent years, the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions uses computer tomography, which allows to identify cystic formations, as well as their preferential localization. However, the method is inferior to bronchography in its informativeness.

Complications of polycystosis are suppuration in the lungs, the appearance of air in the cavity of the pleura, pulmonary hemorrhage. In patients with bilateral processes, heart disease is formed.

Treatment of patients with polycystic is usually surgical. The main contraindications to surgery are the prevalence of the process, severe manifestations of pulmonary-cardiac failure. In therapeutic therapy, the use of antibiotics, aimed at suppressing the inflammatory process in the lungs, is of particular importance.