Unmet human needs and their impact on the sustainability of marriage
As is known, satisfaction of the material and spiritual needs of the individual is a necessary condition for its normal functioning, a condition of labor and other activity. In the event that those or other needs of the individual are not met or are met to the minimum degree, various violations in the life system of the individual can occur. Socio-economic, psychological and physiological consequences of the chronic dissatisfaction with the needs of can be the most diverse plan.
Unfortunately, in the scientific literature, those situations of life in which the needs of family members are not met or are not satisfied are left unaddressed and analyzed. In such situations, family members experience deprivation, poverty, and a severe shortage of funds. The question arises: to what extent such deprivations destroy the stability of marriage, how do they affect marital relationships, what happens to a person when his various needs are not met?
The lack of opportunities to meet one or another of the needs of the individual creates an emergency situation, as it generates a wide variety of negative feelings, a state of social and psychological discomfort, tension, deprivation. For example, somatic and mental changes associated with chronic hunger are known not only to physicians, but to tens and even hundreds of millions of people living on Earth.
In many hot and arid regions of the world, providing fresh water without any exaggeration is a matter of life and death. In this respect, there is no need to describe the mental states and sensations of a person who is thirsty. The feeling of hunger and thirst is the most vivid examples of psychological consequences when the vital needs of the individual are not satisfied.
The dissatisfaction with other needs of the individual, especially the so-called sociogenic ones, may not be as catastrophic as satisfying the needs for food and water, but nevertheless the consequences can be the most difficult and painful for a person's mental health.
If the sexual desire of at least one of the spouses is not met in the marriage, then there are possible different negative consequences: the betrayal, the sexual coldness of the woman, the appearance of thoughts about the dissolution of the marriage, etc. Thus, the stability of the family relationship is jeopardized.
Any person in life is faced with a situation where satisfaction of his desires and needs is difficult or blocked. We can say that we are all well aware of the state of deprivation, deficit or, in other words, deprivation.
Social deprivation is above all those deprivations and difficulties that a person experiences in social and economic life.
In other words, deprivation is a state in the result of which the needs of the individual( families, collective, etc.) formed in the past are not met or are met to the minimum degree. Blocking the satisfaction of needs causes a state of mental tension and can often lead to very negative consequences for both the object of deprivation and the environment of its immediate environment. So, if family members can not satisfy their material or emotional-psychological needs, then family deprivation occurs. By it we mean an objectively expressed and subjectively evaluated sharp shortage or lack of funds to meet the need.
Naturally, in the absence of one or another need, the presence of blocking conditions for its satisfaction( the presence of a deprivational situation) can not result in deprivation. So, for example, the increased shortage of places in nurseries will not affect the behavior of people who do not have a child, although the deprivational situation in itself will be evident. It will exist in the form of awareness of the shortage and a certain attitude towards it. However, in this case, both knowledge and attitude, while existing as such, are not significant for a person's day, they will not entail changes in her behavior. Thus, it is obvious that the ability to meet unformed needs can not lead to deprivation.
It should be noted that when speaking of the deprivation situation and of social deprivation as such, we treat them as blocking a specific, specific need, and not a general state of the individual. The totality of some unsatisfied or minimally satisfied needs of the individual constantly affects the degree of satisfaction of the person with life in general and with family life in particular.
Moreover, the complex of unmet needs, creating a powerful mental tension, is a fertile ground for the development of the deprivation situation with respect to a set of other needs. This interdependence of the conditions of satisfaction of needs can be traced to the example of conflicts that arise between spouses and parents, children due to acute shortage of time for communication and chronic stresses, which in turn were caused by excessive workload or household issues.
The correlation, the combination of needs, which are satisfied to varying degrees, the differentiation of the influence of private deprivation on the general level of a person's state is a matter of the next higher level of study, an analysis of which we will give later.
In the presence of a particular need, there is a need for its satisfaction, from the perspective of which various situations are considered that represent the conditions for the realization of the need. The conditions of implementation are objective possibilities of satisfying the need. But for the deprivational situation it is characteristic not only the existence of objectively unsatisfactory conditions, but also the recognition of them as such a person, a married couple.
Let's illustrate this with an example. The degree of satisfaction of a whole set of needs - be it physiological, psychological or social - depends on the size of the per capita income. In this case, the criterion for assessing the conditions for the realization of needs is the difference between individual income and the subsistence minimum. If the difference is negative, that is, the income is less than the subsistence minimum, then the realization of some needs is hampered, others are blocked. Conversely, the greater the positive difference, the more favorable conditions are created to meet the needs.
In this case, the amount of per capita income is an objective factor of the deprivation situation. The subjective factor is the degree of satisfaction of the individual, the married couple with this level of security, i.e., an assessment of the adequacy of the level of income for the realization of the needs. One group of people a monthly per capita income of 120 rubles.can be regarded as quite satisfactory, another - as minimally sufficient, third - as completely unsatisfactory. Thus, the most seemingly favorable housing or, let's say, material conditions can act both as sufficient and as insufficient for the realization of those or other needs.
Thus, one of the least studied and, in our opinion, very promising areas of sociological and demographic research of the family is the problem of family perception, evaluation of various conditions of life. Perhaps we can answer the question of why, under equal socio-economic conditions, one pair manages to keep the family, and the other does not.
The theory of social deprivation, which allows to answer the questions, what degree of restriction and which needs leads to disorganization of family activities, is closely related to the concept of sustainability of marriage. Strictly speaking, family deprivation is an integral part of the concept of sustainability of marriage, since the latter considers a system of factors that affect the degree of optimality in the functioning of the family structure. Let us note that such an interpretation of the stability of marriage arose from the attempt to differentiate marriages not only by the criterion of preserving or not preserving the official marital status, but also from the point of view of the spouses' satisfaction with the whole family life.
When we talk about the sustainability of marriage, we distinguish two main systems of factors that determine it. The first is a system of socio-economic factors that is leading. The second is a system of socio-psychological factors that determines the degree of success in the performance by the married couple of all the diverse family functions, the degree of success of family cooperation and cooperation, and the degree of satisfaction with family life.
Stability of marriage depends on the interrelated actions of factors of both orders.
In the event that the ability to meet the needs of one or both of the two systems is limited( blocked), there is a destabilization of marriage and family life. Thus, with respect to family deprivation, it is logical to single out the same two systems.
Socio-psychological deprivation is the restriction of the diverse needs related to family communication, cooperation, and, first of all, to the lack of emotional and psychological needs.
Any personal needs can be satisfied in a socially acceptable way, within the framework of established cultural norms, rules, traditions, customs. In conditions of social deficiency, needs can be met by the antisocial way. For example, the material well-being of the family can be ensured by honest labor in social production, but it can also be provided through speculation, theft, other unlawful acts.
Social deprivation and difficulties, social shortage of means and opportunities for satisfying needs reveal the way to analysis and understanding of various social deviations in people's behavior.
Social deprivation, difficulties, constant shortage of means and opportunities to meet needs can cause aggression, aggressiveness, greed, hard struggle for their "place in the sun", careerism,we have a system of social factors that determine and explain completely different social phenomena: theft of socialist property, careerism, materialism, amoralism and much more. This concept has wide heuristic possibilities: with its help, the "bridge" from sociological and economic sciences to purely medical problems, namely social problems of mental health of the population, is easily transferred. For unsatisfied needs of different content, plan, character affect the mental health of a person, his balance or imbalance.
So, social deprivation causes various in terms of steppe and intensity of physiological, psychological, social tension and discomfort. It is associated with appreciate a number of different negative emotions, which lead either to depression, or to a feeling of depression and depression. In other circumstances, deprivation, need, connected with unsatisfied or partially satisfied needs, causes anger, irritation, hatred.
It is quite natural that with the help of the concept of social and mental deprivation we can take a fresh look at the problems of family stability, more clearly and clearly aware of all the numerous difficulties that men and women face in family life.