Cramps - Causes, symptoms and treatment. MF.

• Hyperkinesis - violent excess movement. They can be a symptom with small chorea, cerebral palsy, defeat of the function of subcortical-stem structures - extrapyramidal system: athetosis, chorea, torsion spasm, myoclonia, hemiballism.
• Facial hemispasm - clonic or tonic cramps of the muscles of one half of the face for 1-3 minutes - the eye is squeezed, the mouth is pulled aside, the neck muscles tonic - tonic half-mask tones. The appearance of facial hemispasm is associated with the damage to the cortex-nuclear innervation of the facial nerve.
• Idiopathic hemispasm - that is, when the cause is not found.
• Symptomatic hemispasm occurs when the facial nerve is compressed by vessels( basilar or vertebral), vascular malformation, tumor;with multiple sclerosis, trauma, neuroinfection( neuroborreliosis), complication of the facial nerve neuropathy, parotid gland tumor. .. Mimic movements, chewing, squinting can provoke an attack. The attack can not be controlled, it is saved in a dream.
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  For differential diagnosis of possible causes of seizures, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, angiography, electroneurography, and serological responses to neuroborreliosis are carried out in endemic zones.
  If the compression of the facial nerve is detected by a vessel, malformation, tumor, operative treatment is shown, which is discussed in each specific case.
  For the treatment use anticonvulsants( carbamazepine, finlepsin, depakin, gabapentin. ..) and muscle relaxants( baclofen, midokalm, botulinum toxin), reflexotherapy. Drugs are prescribed by a doctor.
• Blepharospasm - involuntary tonic or tonic-clonic contraction of the circular eye muscle - rapid blinking. It can be manifested as a symptom in torsion muscle dystonia, brain tumors, stroke, degenerative diseases of the nervous system( hepatolenticular degeneration, myotonia, myasthenia gravis. ..), with intoxication with antipsychotics, antidepressants, lithium preparations. .. May be a complication of unsuccessful tooth extraction, prosthetics,overstrain of facial muscles, visual stress. .. occurs more often in the 50 - 60-year-old age. The disease is chronic progressive.
  After sleep, the condition improves by several hours. There are corrective gestures - touching the upper half of the face, taking off and dressing the glasses. .. - it reduces the frequency of blinking. Reflex blepharospasm can be caused by a disease of the anterior parts of the eye - glaucoma, inflammatory diseases - conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis;hysteria. For treatment, anticonvulsants( carbamazepine, finlepsin, depakin, gabapentin. ..) and muscle relaxants( baclofen, midocalm, botulinum toxin), reflexotherapy are used. Drugs are prescribed by a doctor.
• Tick age - occurs at a young age after a mental and emotional strain, stress. Pass either alone( with mild form) or after taking sedatives - valerian, dormiplant, novopassit, sedavit, pantokaltsin, tranquilizers.
  Facial paraspasm( Mezhma spasm) - bilateral tonic or tonic-clonic hyperkinesis. It can occur when subcortical nodes are affected,( for example, after neuroinfection).
• Spasmodic torticollis - a form of local hyperkinesis - involuntary head and neck turns, tonic and tonic-clonic convulsions in the neck muscles on one side. It occurs with congenital anomalies, torsion dystonia, extrapyramidal pathology.
• Spasm of spine - writing cramps - impaired motor function of the hand, fingers associated with long-term writing( students, educators, doctors. ..) and neuro-emotional overstrain.
  At attempt to write there is a convulsive painful contraction of muscles of a brush, and it is possible both a forearm and a shoulder. Such a convulsive, painful contraction of the muscles of the hand is possible for pianists as well - the "pianist's hand", violinists - the "violinist's hand", milkmaids - the milkmaids' hand, the dancers - convulsive mixing of the foot muscles - "ballerina cramp". .. in all these cases takes placeoverstrain of individual muscle groups.
  However, before treatment it is necessary to exclude more serious causes of the disease - small chorea, torsion dystonia, hepatolenticular degeneration. .. it is recommended to stop the activity that caused muscle strain during the treatment( letter. ..).Tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, therapeutic exercises, massage, conifers and iodine-bromine baths, reflexotherapy, vitamins of group B are prescribed.
• Myoclonia - small convulsions and twitches in separate muscle fibers. Occur with kozhevnikovskoy epilepsy, encephalitis.
• Crumpy - painful short-term cramps in the calf muscles and feet, toes. There are krampi more often at night, while sipping. Muscles tend to strain painfully, the foot bends, fingers curdle - a man wakes up in pain. Can appear with diseases of the peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, internal organs diseases, muscles, endocrine problems, lower limb vessels, pregnancy. ..
  Physical stress, overstrain, alcohol, smoking, fatigue, hypothermia and heat( violation of water-electrolyte balance -hypokalemia, hypocalcemia), a decrease in blood sugar. .. can cause seizures. The examination is conducted at the doctor, the treatment of the underlying disease is prescribed. Symptomatically, you can take calcium with vitamin D3, muscle relaxants, light massage, exercise therapy is shown, contrasting water procedures.
• Various convulsive symptoms occur with hysteria - from the cramps of the fingers to the "hysterical arc".In contrast to the epileptic attack, the patient's consciousness does not lose, gently falls to the floor, bends in a tonic convulsion in the form of a congestion of people. In such a case, a psychiatrist is needed.
• Generalized convulsive syndrome may be a manifestation of epilepsy of , both a disease and a symptom in cases of craniocerebral trauma( consequences of trauma), neuroinfection, intoxication( including alcohol).An epileptic attack may be the debut stroke, a brain tumor.

Seizures are involuntary paroxysmal contraction of muscles, their twitching. There are tonic convulsions and clonic. Tonic - this is a muscle tension - a spasm. Clonic - this is a change in the muscle tone - involuntary twitching of the muscles. A combination of tonic-clonic convulsions is also possible.

There are partial( local) and generalized( general) seizures.

• Local convulsions of are convulsions in a certain group of muscles. There are twitchings in stereotyped movements, muscle overstrain - work on the conveyor, squatting in the garden, "squatting", writing spasm, running, playing the violin. .., with hypothermia, spasms of the calf muscles in a dream. Local convulsive reduction of the muscles of the hand, foot, face, trunk is possible and with serious damage to the brain, the motor centers of the cerebral cortex innervating this group of muscles. In this case, convulsions will be observed on the opposite side of the brain damage.
• Generalized convulsions - occur during epileptic seizure with epilepsy or epi syndrome, as a complication of traumatic brain injury, infection, intoxication. ..

Possible causes of seizures

Possible causes of leg cramps

• Violation of venous blood flow( chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, thrombophlebitissuperficial and deep veins).
• Disturbance of arterial blood flow due to lesions of the arteries of the lower limbs( obliterating atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, obliterating thromboangiitis, thrombosis and embolism of the arteries of the lower extremities, changes in the walls of blood vessels in diabetes mellitus).
• Infringement of innervation of vessels and soft tissues of lower extremities( Raynaud's disease, Nerve damage in diabetes mellitus - polyneuropathy).

Any convulsive attack should serve as an excuse to see a doctor. Surveys and appointments will be individual, depending on the objective state.

What should I do if there is a seizure?

Take an analgesic and consult a doctor. If seizures occur, you should massage the part of the body in which they appeared in order to improve blood circulation. When cramping with calcium deficiency should eat more foods containing calcium, for example, dairy products.

Which doctors can help with cramps?

• Therapist or general practitioner( family doctor).
• Vascular surgeon.
• Dermatologist.
• Endocrinologist.
• Neurologist

Neurologist doctor Kobzeva S.V.