Classification of vegetable crops
Vegetables are an extremely capacious concept with very fuzzy fuzzy boundaries. The most acceptable definition for vegetables was given by Professor V.I. Edelshtein, who called vegetables herbaceous plants cultivated for the sake of their succulent parts, consumed by man. On the vast territory of our country, according to various data, up to 40 types of vegetable crops are cultivated, of which 23 are widely distributed: white cabbage, Beijing, color, beet, turnip, rutabaga, carrots, radish, radish, cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon, tomato, pepper, eggplant, onion, garlic, celery, parsley, dill, salad. Other types of vegetables are also represented, but not so widely cultivated.
A variety of plant parts are used for food;on the basis of the use of one or another part, vegetable plants are divided into the following groups.
- Fruit( tomato, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, zucchini, squash, zucchini, kruknek, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, artichoke, physalis, peas, beans, beans, soybeans, sugar corn, etc.).
- Root and tubers( carrots, rutabaga, beetroot, radish, radish, turnip, celery tuber, root parsley, sweet potato, Jerusalem artichoke, oat root, parsnip, scorzonera, etc.).
- Onion( onion, shallots, leeks, onion slizun, fragrant onion, onion multi-tiered, onion-batun, chives, wild onions, garlic).
- Leafy, including cabbage( white cabbage, red cabbage, Chinese, leaf, savoy, Brussels, Beijing, kohlrabi, color, broccoli).
Green( types of lettuce, chicory salad( witloof, endive), escaril, spinach, sorrel, rhubarb, portolac, asparagus, amaranth, watercress, watercress, garden quinoa, leaf mustard, beetroot, cucumber,dandelion, asparagus, dill).
Spinners( anise, basil, basil, lyubistok, hyssop, snakehead, watercress, marjoram, tarragon, horse-radish, katran, coriander, lemon balm, mint, sage, savory, cumin, thyme, rosemary, rue, nigella, fennel, etc..).
However, this division is rather arbitrary. Some fruit vegetable crops have ripe fruits( tomato, eggplant, pepper, pumpkin), others - unripe fruits( zucchini, patisson, cucumber, peas, beans on the scapula).Vegetable leaf plants use different parts and organs of the plant, and not just leaves, as the name suggests. For example, in cabbage and Brussels sprouts, cabbage and zikor salad( witloof), the grown buds are used for food, broccoli and cauliflower have unrevealed inflorescences. Actually, the leaves are used in Peking and Savoy cabbage, lettuce, beetroot( sorghum), sorrel, spinachand green onions, as well as a number of spicy aromatic cultures such as parsley, celery, dill, basil, tarragon, marjoram, lavender, watercress, leafy mustard, many of which according to this classification belong to another group of vegetable cropsur. In plants such as fennel, young beetroot, stalked celery, rhubarb, leaf petioles go into food. A large group of plants, called root crops, use sprouting roots, and in kohlrabi cabbage, an overgrown stem that looks like a root crop. As a vegetable, young shoots and sprouts can also be used, for example in asparagus and portolac, as well as various tuberous formations on the roots and rhizomes of plants, such as Jerusalem artichoke, sweet potato, and stachis. All this shows some imperfection of this division of vegetable crops into groups. At the heart of another system of classification of vegetable plants lies their belonging to various botanical families. This classification systematizes a huge variety of vegetables and helps to orientate in related crops, for example, in the planning of crop rotation, when cultures of a single botanical family should not be grown consistently on one plot of land. Thus, vegetable plants of three botanical families: umbellate, or celery( carrots, parsnips, parsley, celery), cruciferous, or cabbage( rutabaga, turnip, radish, radish), and beetles( table beet) are included in the group of root crops. According to the duration of the life cycle, all vegetable plants are divided into annual, biennial and perennial.
Annual vegetable plants pass their life cycle from sowing seeds to forming new seeds in one year. The life processes of annual plants are determined by three main periods: the germination of the seed and the appearance of cotyledonous leaves, the increased growth of vegetative organs and the green mass of plants, the formation of reproductive organs until the plant ripens completely. After the complete realization of the life cycle, the plant dies away. One-year-old vegetables include plants of the fruit group: tomato, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, zucchini, squash, zucchini, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, artichoke, as well as lettuce, spinach, mustard, watercress, dill, radish, Peking cabbage, broccoli, some spicy-flavoring cultures.
Two-year-old vegetable plants in the first year of life form a rosette of leaves and vegetative productive organs, such as root vegetables, tubers, cabbage, bulbs. The formation of fruits and seeds occurs only in the second year of plant life, when they form the flower-bearing shoots on which fruits with seeds mature until fully ripened. The life cycle of biennial plants is interrupted by a period of physiological dormancy at the onset of unfavorable conditions for growth and development during maturation. During the period of this forced rest, the nutrient rearrangement takes place, and with the onset of a new growing season, the plant expends its vital resources on the formation of fruits and seeds. Usually