Atrezium tricuspid valve
Atrezium tricuspid valve is the third most common among congenital heart defects of the blue type after the tetralogy of Fallot and the transposition of the main vessels. The frequency among all vices varies from 2.6 to 5.3%.The first description of this defect refers to 1854. Atresia occurs with the same frequency in children of both sexes.
When the tricuspid valve is atresy, there is no message between the right atrium and the right ventricle, the valve is infected, replaced by a connective tissue or membrane. In this case, necessarily there is an interatrial message in the form of an oval window or other defect. The mitral valve( the valve between the left atrium and the ventricle) is normal. The right ventricle is always diminished, sometimes sharply, so many authors include this heart defect in "right ventricular hypoplasia syndrome".The cavities of the atria, especially the right one, are enlarged.
In this vice, venous( "spent") blood from the right atrium enters through the atrial atrial into the left atrium, where it mixes with arterial( oxygen-rich) blood and passes into the left ventricle. The further flow of blood is determined by the presence or absence of an interventricular septal defect. In the first case, the blood flow is directed to the aorta and right ventricle, and from there to the pulmonary artery. In the second case, the blood is sent to the aorta, and from it through the open arterial duct into the pulmonary artery.
Most cases of tricuspid atresia are accompanied by reduced pulmonary flow, which is why the main manifestation of the disease is cyanotic staining of the skin from birth. Other symptoms include the symptom of "watch glasses" and "drum sticks", dyspnea-cyanotic attacks, forced squatting, shortness of breath, lag in physical development. With an enlarged heart, the heart hump develops early. When listening to the heart, the doctor reveals a characteristic noise.
Additional methods of examining children include ECG, chest X-ray, ultrasound of the heart, sounding of the heart cavities, angiocardiography.
The prognosis for this defect is very serious, the course of the disease is progressive. With age, the oxygen deficiency in the blood increases and the signs of heart failure worsen.49% of children with this defect die within the first 6 months of life, and only 10% live more than 10 years. The optimal age of children for surgical treatment is 5-10 years.