Keralodermii palmar-plantar

This is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases that are characterized by thickening of the surface layer of the skin of the palms and soles. Such a change in the skin can be common or located in foci. In addition, such changes can be linear, isolated or combined with other developmental anomalies. Keratoderma without additional abnormal symptoms are inherited, as a rule, by autosomal dominant type( they can be both widespread and focal).Keratoderma, arising with any concomitant manifestations, are inherited by an autosomal recessive type and are predominantly prevalent.

Most common of autosomal dominant forms is common keratoderma. This disease is characterized by a continuous thickening of the surface layer of the skin of the palms and soles with a strip of dark red color, which is located on the border with healthy skin, increased sweating and frequent occurrence of cracks. Symptoms of the disease can be seen from birth or they appear during the first year of life of the child. In rare cases, foci of thickening can be on other parts of the skin, mainly in the joint region, there are various abnormalities of the fingers( curvature of one or more fingers of the hands or feet), various deformities. In the literature, there is a description of the association of keratodermia, occurring at the age of 5-15 years, with carcinoma( cancer) of the esophagus developing in adults.

Focal keratoderma have the appearance of multiple foci of thickening of the skin, flat or corn-like. Such changes can be of different sizes: from point to several centimeters in diameter. Their shape can also be very diverse: round, oval or striped. Foci of keratoderma can appear in early childhood, adolescence or in adults. In some cases, they are combined with tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, with twisted hair, spastic paralysis. As with widespread and focal forms of keratodermia of the palms and soles, bubbles can form in the places of greatest pressure.

The main form of autosomal recessive keratoderma is the disease of the island of Meleda. Such a disease is manifested not only by the widespread thickening of the surface layer of the skin of the palms and soles, excessive sweating, but also by a pronounced inflammatory reaction, the involvement of the hands and feet, knee and elbow joints, the lower third of the forearms and shins in the process( in the form of gloves or socks).There are leukokeratosis, contractures and constriction of the fingers, as well as changes in the nails.

Common palmar-plantar keratoderma, inherited by autosomal recessive type, can be combined with periodontitis, gum disease, congenital ichthyosis, decreased hair flow, onychodystrophy, constriction of fingers and other abnormalities.

Treatment. It is recommended to take vitamin A, tigazone, keratolytic agents, and use of laser beams.