Dyskinesia of the large intestine

Functional disorders of the colon are one of the most common diseases of the digestive system, according to different authors, from 30 to 70% of the structure of diseases of the stomach and colon. Characterized by a violation of its motor function in the absence of organic changes. There are many reasons for the development of dyskinesia of the colon both internal( endogenous) and external( exogenous).In the development of the disease, factors such as hereditary complications( constipation, vegetative dystonia, metabolic and endocrine disorders), acute intestinal infections transferred in the first months of life, early transfer to artificial feeding, food allergies, nutritional errors( consumption of refined, purified foods, deficitvegetative fiber), hemorrhoids, fissures of the anus, taking certain medications( anesthetics, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, opiates, diuretics, calcium blockersx channels, nicotinic acid).

In the development of dyskinesia of the colon, the following factors are important: the effects of other "sick" organs, the violation of central and spinal innervation, psychoemotional disorders, endocrine diseases, impaired motor function of the far intestine, increased gut reaction to food, drug and stress effects, Promotion of the contents of the intestines with disorders of the stool and increased mucus formation.

There are 2 types of dyskinesia of the colon: hypertonic and hypotonic.

The main manifestations of dyskinesia of the colon are a violation of the rhythm of defecation and pain in the abdomen. The frequency of defecation in healthy people is variable. Stool retention for more than 2 days, delayed, difficult or systemically inadequate bowel evacuation is usually regarded as constipation. In the hypertensive type of dyskinesia of the colon, the pain is usually located in the lower and lower aboral abdomen, have a cramping character. Pain, as a rule, is associated with an act of defecation, pass after the emptying of the intestine. Stool with this form of the disease usually has a tendency to constipation, rarely there is an alternation of constipation and diarrhea. With constipation, the stool leaves in small portions of the "sheep" type, the stool of the feces is well fragmented, a ribbon-like stool is possible. Sometimes in the stool you can notice an admixture of mucus. The hypotonic type of the dyskinesia of the colon is characterized by persistent progressive constipation. Sometimes, after constipation, the stool leaves in a large volume, can be liquefied. There is a gradual expansion of further located( from the stomach) parts of the colon, the tone of the anal sphincter can be weakened with the appearance of incontinence in the form of calomization( on the cowards you can see the appearance of traces of stool).Pain in the abdomen with this form of the disease occurs, as a rule, only with prolonged stool retention, are of a permanent bursting nature, pass after the bowel has been emptied.

When examined for dyskinesia of the colon, an unpleasant odor from the mouth, tongue lagging, and a slight swelling of the abdomen can be noted. When you feel your stomach, the doctor discovers spasms or enlarged areas of the large intestine. Sometimes, with persistent constipation, the doctor can feel the stool stones( fecal matter).

Detection of dyskinesia of the colon is based on thorough inquiry and the results of instrumental survey methods. Recto-manoscopy and sigmoscopy allow you to assess the condition of the mucosa and the tone of the colon. With these types of examination, a tube with an optical system is inserted into the anal passage. It gradually progresses to the large intestine, and the condition of the intestinal wall is assessed. Irrigography( the introduction of a contrast agent into the rectum with subsequent X-ray examination of the intestine) allows you to assess the tone and emptying of the colon, exclude any congenital malformations.

Treatment of dyskinesia of the colon primarily involves compliance with the diet. In the hypertensive form of the disease, rude fiber is excluded from the diet, food is taken in a warm form. When hypotonic form of the disease is recommended taking rough fiber, raw vegetables and fruits, cold foods and drinks. Medicamentous treatment consists in prescribing certain medications that only the treating physician can correctly select. Self-treatment in such cases is unacceptable. In addition to medicinal treatment, methods of phytotherapy, physiotherapy, physical therapy are used, mineral water intake is recommended( with hypertonic variant of the disease - low salinity, hypotonic - high), rectal methods( rectal mud tampons, enemas and intestine washing with mineral water), massage. For constipation, it is recommended to take laxatives.

All persons with dyskinesia of the colon are shown the optimal mode of work and rest, fighting with low mobility, walking, eliminating neuropsychic overstrain. An important point is to follow a diet. For constipation, it is recommended to eat fresh kefir daily, coarse-grained porridges( buckwheat, barley), bread, baked apples, prunes or dried apricots, vegetable oil. When hypotonic dyskinesia of the colon is additionally recommended daily in the morning after sleep, drink half a glass of water or juice from the refrigerator, eat at least 200 grams of fresh vegetables and fruits a day, and eat black rye bread. If this diet is ineffective, additionally prescribe bran, adding them to soup or porridge, the dose is selected individually from 5 to 20 g per day. All persons with dyskinesia of the colon need psychotherapy, adherence to the regime and diet. With insufficient effectiveness of these measures and obvious neurotic disorders, prescribe sedatives or antidepressant drugs. Laxatives are an auxiliary method of treating this disease. They do not affect the essence of the pathological process and can be addictive.

Dispensary follow-up is carried out for 1 year. As a treatment aimed at preventing exacerbations of the disease, repeat courses of phytotherapy, eubiotics, mineral waters and vitamins.