Playing on errands
Features of the game and its educational value. The goal of the game is the formation in children of a clear, differentiated perception of new qualities of magnitude. The game consists of two parts. The first is aimed at developing a differentiated perception of length( long - short).The second is to distinguish objects in width( wide - narrow).Acquaintance of children with these qualities is limited by the fact that they are offered to distinguish only contrasting signs of length and width.
The solution of the teaching task in both parts of the game requires the child's mental efforts and specific actions aimed at examining and evaluating new qualities of magnitude.
The game situations that are created in both parts help the child to feel the importance of perceived quality in specific conditions and the need for proposed game actions.
In order for a child to have a clear, conscious image of an object of a certain magnitude, each part of the game must be repeated at different time periods. This repetition provides the necessary consistency in the development of purposeful perception: mastering the methods of examining length and width( overlapping or applying), forming a search image, establishing a connection between the image and the word denoting this quality.
The nature of the game( the fulfillment of instructions of an adult and peers) is familiar to children. They like to fulfill the tasks of the group, but they can do this only in turn and after a certain signal. This signal( ie, a pause in front of it) is important for those who perform the assignment, and for those who evaluate it. The first pause before the signal makes it possible to tune in to actions, to make a decision, to find the object of the desired value with the eyes. For the rest, it is an organizing moment, accustoming to restraint. Knowing that they will evaluate the actions of others, children mentally solve the learning task themselves, that is, they find with the eyes the desired object. This is very important for developing attention and mental actions.
Play stuff. Satin and kapron ribbons of different colors and sizes. Long strips: 25X3 cm. Short: 12X3 cm. Wide: 8x25 cm. Narrow: 2X25 cm.
. Cardboard strips of the same dimensions may serve as standards. They are convenient to use when measuring length and width by overlapping. On each table there should be ribbons of the specified sizes of different colors( three or four variants).
In addition, the game needs story toys: a bellied bear( medium size) and a thin pupa.
Description of the game and its techniques.
Part 1. "Long - short".
Before starting the game, the educator pre-sets on two or four tables sets of game didactic material( colored ribbons, stripes, etc.).Children at this time arrange chairs and sit down. Pushing a small table, the teacher sits down for him and takes out two toys-a teddy bear and a Katya doll. He tells the children that Teddy and Katya want to be dressed today, and for that they need belts. He beckons two children and gives them ribbons folded into tubes: one - short( a belt for Katya), and another - a long( belt for a bear).Children with the help of a tutor try on and tie the belts to toys. Toys express joy, they bow. The children sit down, and the teacher calls the next couple of children and plays a small sketch, in which the toys express the desire to swap their belts. Then the teacher suggests one of the children called to take off the ribbon from the doll, and the other with the bears and change the belts. Suddenly, to everyone's surprise, it appears that the teddy bear does not converge on the teddy bear, and for the Mishkin doll the belt is too large( they can wrap the doll two or three times).The teacher suggests looking at the belts and spreading them around on the table, and then puts a short ribbon on the long one. He explains which ribbon is long, and which is short, that is, gives the name of quality of magnitude-length.
After that the teacher shows the children two cardboard strips - long and short. Causes the individual children who are instructed to compare strips with ribbons by overlapping and say which one is short and which is long.
Then the game starts on errands. The educator causes two or four children( depending on the number of tables and prepared material), gives each of them a sample in the form of a strip of a certain length and instructs: "Bring us a long ribbon blue, as long as a strip in your hands."It reminds children that you first need to find the ribbon with your eyes, and then put a strip on it. If the ribbon is the same length, it can be taken and shown to all children. The teacher warns that you can start looking for a ribbon only after the word "Search!".Having completed the explanations, the teacher, together with the children, says: "One, two, three. ..( a short pause), look!" If one of the children fails to pause and hurries, the signal repeats, and searches are canceled.(The signal is introduced in order for the children to prepare for the assignment.)
After completing the assignment, the children return to their original position, and each shows what they brought. The rest of the participants clap their hands and chant in chorus: "Mo-lodtsy!" If someone made a mistake, they say to him: "Go, go, go and look again!"
The children who completed the assignment return to their places. New children are selected who are given another assignment, for example to find a short ribbon of red color( a sample of the length in the form of a strip is given to everyone in the hands).The game is repeated several times so that all children can complete the assignment.
When the game is repeated, children bring bands of a given size, but each color chooses its own taste.
When the majority learn how to correctly perform such assignments, that is, when the children have a searchable image of an object of a certain length, the sample( strip) can no longer be given to them, but only to show and say what to bring( a long or short ribbon).In the future, the educator can only name the quality of the length, without showing a sample. Children will cope with such an assignment, because they already associate the visual image of the length with the corresponding words.
Part 2. "Wide - narrow".
This part is similar, but now children learn to distinguish the width of objects, i.e., wide and narrow ribbons of the same length. When creating a game situation, you can use the following method. Two cardboard strips are laid out on the table - wide and narrow( of the same length).On a broad strip, as on the path, a doll and a bear can pass alongside, and along the narrow strip there is only one of them. Or you can play a story with two typewriters: two cars can run along a wide path, but only one on the narrow one.
Rules of the game.
1. Instructions are executed in turn and at the choice of the tutor.
2. You can start the assignment only after the word "Search!".
3. It is forbidden to tell each other.
4. Only those children who do not interfere with others are selected to fulfill assignments.
Tips for the educator. The explanation of the game must be emotional, specific, imaginative. Using the story toys gives this opportunity. How the game will take place depends on the educator: his ingenuity, expressiveness of speech and actions.
Some babies, interested in playing, require that they be the first to carry out assignments. With their cries, they create grounds for conflict and disrupt the necessary play spirit. To prevent this, recall the fourth rule of the game, bring to children's awareness that shouts and disorganization are not in their interests, since only those who are calm and do not interfere with others choose this role. You can say something like this: "I'll now see who has already prepared for the game."Usually these words act better than all the comments. Of course, one should not endure the patience of excitable, restless children, who find it difficult to restrain themselves. Choose the moment when the child tries to be good, and call it early.
There are times when a child quickly gets tired, starts to distract, interfere with the rest. You can ask him to bring something back into place( for example, those ribbons that are no longer needed).In extreme cases, let him do something himself, but do not interfere with the rest of the children playing.
Carrying out the game, it is necessary to strive to ensure that as many children as possible carry out assignments. To do this, it is better to have several sets of game material and give assignments to three or four inmates at the same time.