Calculation of fertilizer doses
| Culture | degree | |||||||||||
| security is very low | low | average | increased | high | very high | |||||||
| P2O5 | K2O | P2O5 | K2O | P2O5 | K2O | P2O5 | K2O | P2O5 | K2O | P2O5 | K2O | |
| Pome | to 5 | to6 | 6-10 | 7-12 | 11-15 | 13-18 | 16-20 | 19-24 | 21-25 | 25-30 | > 25 | > 30 |
| Stony | to 5 | to 6 | 6-10 | 7-12 | 11-15 | 13-18 | 16-20 | 19-24 | 21-25 | 25-30 | & gt; 25 | & gt; 30 |
| Aronia | up to 10 | TO 10 | 10-15 | 10-15 | 15-20 | 15-20 | 20-25 | 20-25 | 25-30 | 25-30 | > 30 | > 35 |
| Seabuckthorn | to 15 | TO 10 | 15-20 | 10-15 | 20-25 | 15-20 | 25-30 | 20-25 | 30-35 | 25-30 | & gt; 35 | > 30 |
| Currants black | UP TO 15 | UP TO 10 | 15-20 | 10-15 | 20-25 | 15-20 | 25-30 | 20-25 | 30-35 | 25-30 | > 35 | > 30 |
| Currant red, gooseberry | UP TO 10 | to 15 | 10-15 | 15-20 | 15-20 | 20-25 | 20-25 | 25-30 | 25-30 | 30-35 | > 30 | & gt;35 |
| Raspberries | to 15 | to 20 | 15-20 | 20-25 | 20-25 | 25-30 | 25-30 | 30-35 | 30-35 | 35-40 | > 35 | > 40 |
| Strawberries | to 5 | to 10 | 5-10 | 10-15 | 10-15 | 15-20 | 15-20 | 20-25 | 20-25 | 25-30 | > 25 | > 30 |
| Adjustment factors for fertilizer doses | 1.5 | 1.25 | 1.0 | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.25 |
High and stable harvests of fruit and berry crops can provide soil with a sufficient level of fertility. Doses of fertilizers for fruit and berry crops are determined depending on the content in the soil of mobile phosphorus( P2O5) and exchange potassium( K2O), and also taking into account the characteristics of plants.
According to the degree of supply with phosphorus and potassium, the soil is divided into 6 groups. Using the correction factors for the average fertilizer doses( for group III), it is easy to determine the fertilizer dose from tables 16 and 17 for any degree of soil availability. To do this, the recommended average dose of each battery is multiplied by the correction factors.
Recall that the active substance( d.) Fertilizers are called the part that is used by the plant. It is expressed in percentages and is indicated on the package. To recalculate the fertilizer dose found in the tables in the d.for a specific type of fertilizer available, it must be multiplied by 100 and the product divided by the percentage of active ingredient in the fertilizer. For example, it is necessary to add 6 g of phosphorus per m2.In simple superphosphate it contains 20%.Therefore, the dose will be:
6 x 100/20 = 30 g
In case of application of complex forms of fertilizers, their doses are calculated for an element that is less than other, required to be introduced into the soil. The missing quantity of other batteries is supplemented by the addition of simple forms of fat.
Soil grouping by phosphorus and potassium availability for fruit and berry crops( mg content per 100 g of soil in 0-20 cm layer)
Fertilizer doses of fruit crops( for medium-range mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium)
| Period of application and planned yield | Organic( manure, compost), kg / m2 | Mineral, g / m2 | ||
| nitrogen * N | phosphorus P2O5 | potassium K2O | ||
| Apple tree, pear | ||||
| Before fruiting | - | 6 | - | - |
| Vintage up to 30 kg from wood | 1,5 | 9 | 6 | 9 |
| Vintage 31 -60 kg from wood | 2,0 | 12 | 9 | 15 |
| Harvest 61 -120 kg from wood | 2,5 | 15 | 12 | 18 |
| Harvest over 120 kg from wood | 3,0 | 18 | 15 | 21 |
| Cherry | ||||
| Up tofruit bearing | - | 6 | - | - |
| Harvested up to 8 kg from wood | 1,0 | 9 | 6 | 9 |
| Vintage 9-15 kg from wood | 1,5 | 12 | 9 | 12 |
| Vintage over 15 tog from wood | 2,0 | 15 | 12 | 15 |
| Plum | ||||
| Before fruiting | - | 6 | - | - |
| Harvest to 15 kg from wood | 1,0 | 9 | 6 | 9 |
| Harvest 16-30 kg from wood | 1,5 | 12 | 9 | 12 |
| Harvest over 30 kg from wood | 2, 0 | 15 | 12 | 15 |
Note: in damp areas, the nitrogen dose should be increased by a factor of 1.5.
| Culture | Period of application | Doses of fertilizers: | |||
| organic( manure, compost), kg / m 2 | mineral gd.. W / m2 | ||||
| N | P2O5 | K2O | |||
| blackcurrant | Before fruiting | - | 6 | - | - |
| Start fruiting | 2 | 9 | 9 | 6 | |
| full fruition | 3 | 12 | 12 | 9 | |
| currant red, white, gooseberry, chokeberry | Before fruiting | - | 6 | - | - |
| Start fruiting | 2 | 9 | 6 | 9 | |
| Full fruiting | 3 | 12 | 9 | 12 | |
| Raspberries | Before fruiting | 6 * | 6 | - | - |
| Fruiting | - | 12 | 12 | 15 | |
| Seabuckthorn | Fruit bearing | - | 4 | - | - |
| Fruit bearing | 2 | 6 | 9 | 6 | |
| Full fruiting | 3 | 6 | 12 | 9 | |
| strawberry *
for mulching | Pure steam | 8-10 | - | 9 | 12 |
|
| 6 * | 3 | - | primer.- | |
| The first year of fruiting | - | 4 | 3 | 4 | |
| The second year of fruiting | - | 6 | 4 | 6 | |
| The third year of fruiting | - | 6 | - | - |
Doses of fertilizers for berry crops( for medium-range soils with mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium)
For example, under blackcurrant, it is required to add 1 square meter of food area for 9 grams of c.nitrogen( N), phosphorus and 6 g of potassium. At our disposal there is a nitroammophoska containing 13% nitrogen and 19% phosphorus and potassium. Calculation of the dose of nitroammophoski is carried out according to potassium, which will be: 6x100 = 31.6 g 19
The missing amount of nitrogen and phosphorus( 3 grams each) is replenished with urea( 46% N) - 6.5 and simple superphosphate( 20% P2O5) - 15 g. Consequently, under the black currant in total on 1 m2 of the area of nutrition, it is necessary to add 31.6 g of nitroammophoska, 6.5 g of urea and 15 g of simple superphosphate.
If the degree of phosphorus and potassium availability is the same, the recommended dosages in the table are multiplied by the correction factors corresponding to the soil of a particular site. In the event that the degree of availability of these elements is different, the coefficients for recalculating the doses of nitrogen and organic fertilizers are taken from the graph of the table given here, where the security is the least. For example, the soil of the site contains 24 milligrams of phosphorus and 6.2 milligrams of potassium, which in the first case is high, and in the second case, it is of low degree of security. It is supposed to get 65 kilograms of apples from a tree. Recommended doses for the average provision of soil and this crop per 1 sq. Km.meter are: organic - 2.5 kilograms, nitrogen - 15 grams, phosphorus-12, potassium-18 grams. For our example, the adjusted doses of fertilizers will be: organic - 3.1 kg( 2.5 x 1.25), nitrogen -18.8 grams( 15 x 1.25), phosphorus - 6( 12 x 0.5), potassium- 22.5 grams( 18 x 1.25).Now it is necessary to make a recount from the active substance to available fertilizers and introduce them into the soil.
The recommended fertilizer doses are designed for average crop yields. If it is expected to be higher( in the period of full fruiting from one sea-buckthorn plant - over 9 kg, aronia - 12, black currant - 4, red and white currants - 4, gooseberry - 6 and 1 m2 raspberries, strawberries 1-2 kg), then the dose should be increased by 25%.
Approximate doses of fertilizers of "rare" crops - honeysuckle edible, magnolia vine and actinidia are given in the table.
Fertilizing "rare" crops
| Culture | Period of application | Organic fertilizers, kg / m2 | Lime, g / m2 | Mineral fertilizers,at.for 1 m2 | ||
| N | P2O5 | K2O | ||||
| Honeysuckle edible | Before planting( pit 60 x 60 x 50 cm) | 10-12 | 200-400 | - | 20-40 | 15-20 |
| Young plants | - | - | 5 | - | - | |
| Fruit bearing plants | 8-10 1 time in 3 years | 10 | 15 | 10 | ||
| Schizandra | Before planting( pit 60 x 60 x 50 cm) | 10-12 | 200-300 | - | 50 | 40 |
| Young plants | - | - | 5 | - | - | |
| Fruit bearing plants | - | - | 10 | 15 | 15 | |
| Actinidium | Before planting( pit 60 x 60 x 50 cm) | 8-10 | 200-300 | - | 20-40 | 30-40 |
| Young plants | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
| Fruit bearing plants | - | - | 10 | 15 | 15 |