Renal Glucosuria

Unlike diabetes, renal glucosuria( the appearance of glucose in the urine) is characterized by a normal sugar content in the blood and occurs with an isolated violation of the reverse absorption of glucose in the renal tubules, or with complex defects of the tubular system( Fanconi syndrome), as well as with other kidney diseases. The glucose content in the primary urine corresponds to its level in the blood plasma. Normally, the reverse absorption in the blood of this compound occurs in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. Depending on the defect of the tubules, there are 2 types of renal glucosuria .At the first type, glucose appears in the urine as the blood level rises. In the second type, glucose is excreted at normal levels in the blood. Another type of renal glucosuria is also described, when there is no reverse absorption of glucose completely. It is assumed that the specific protein-transporter involved in the process of re-absorption of glucose undergoes changes, as a result of which its structure is disrupted, and it can not transfer glucose through the membrane of the renal tubules. The reason for such changes in the structure of the carrier protein is a mutation at the gene level. Reabsorption( reabsorption) of glucose is disturbed if the development of the tubules is disturbed.

Renal glucosuria is more often inherited as an autosomal recessive pathology.

A sample for glucose tolerance reveals a flat sugar curve. Basically, the general condition of individuals with this pathology does not suffer. If there is a violation of glucose absorption, the transport defect of this substance is more pronounced in the intestine than in the kidneys, so the syndrome is characterized by the development of digestive disorders in the form of a watery stool. The child already in the first weeks of life develops a hypotrophy( deficiency of body weight).The main principle of treating renal glucosuria is to prevent fasting( frequent meals are necessary).When glucose absorption is impaired, it is effective to introduce fructose as the main carbohydrate of food. With age, manifestations of impaired renal transport defect may weaken.

Classification of renal glucosuria

1. Primary renal glucosuria( hereditary tubular glucose transport defects):

1) isolated glucosuria;

2) glucoglycinuria;

3) malabsorption of glucose and galactose;

4) Fanconi syndrome( glucoamino-phosphate-diabetes).

2. Secondary renal glucosuria( suppression of glucose transport):

1) pregnancy;

2) intoxication with florisin.