Mushrooms listed in the Red Book
Trout leafy, or griffle curly, or mushroom-ram( Grifola frondosa( Fr.) SF Gray)
Trout leafy, or griffle curly, or mushroom-ram grows in broadleaf forests at the base of the trunks of old trees: oaks, hornbeam, beech,chestnut.
Mushroom is rare and not every year.
Coronoid hedgehog( Hericium coralloidess( Fr.) S. F. Gray)
The fungus grows on trunks and stumps of deciduous trees: birch and elm. The fungus is rare.
Right up to the base, the fungus's fruiting body is tree-like or corolla branched. The branches are very fleshy. In the young fungus, they are white in color with a pink tinge, then yellow or cream-colored, they become brown with the old fungus, and they are covered with needles, which are first white and then cream-colored with a pink tinge.
The pulp of the fungus is white or yellow, without taste and odor.
Spore powder of white color, spores - broadly ellipsoidal.
The mushroom is edible, but needs extensive protection( Fig.).
Fig. Hedge coraloid( Fr.) S. F. Gray)
Red( Oathrus ruber Pers)
The lattice( clathrus) red is a very rare mushroom. It is brought to us from the tropics. It can be found in the southern republics of the CIS.
The grate is a fungus related to raincoats, and very similar to them.
The young mushroom has the appearance of a white ball 5-10 cm high and about 5 cm thick. Under the shell of white, a dome-shaped formation is located. On the outside, it is bright red, inside - greenish-olive.
The inner layer of the fungus is slimy, and there are spores of the fungus in it.
The mushroom smells unpleasant. His putrid smell attracts flies, which spread his disputes.
Mushroom is inedible.
Setkoska, or diktiophora duplicate( Dictyophora duplicate)
This mushroom comes from the tropics. But it is found not only in the south, but also in the middle zone of Russia.
Young mushrooms are a ball or egg white or white-yellow. The diameter of the ball is about 4-5 cm. After the shell( peridium) is opened, a long, dirty-white stem grows. Its length is 15-20 cm, thickness - 2.5-4.5 cm. On the foot is a folded olive-green hat.
A wide-woven mesh of white or yellowish color descends from under the cap to the foot.
Spores of the fungus are small, ellipsoidal.
The smell of the mushroom is unpleasant. In food, it is not used, since it is inedible, but is widely used in folk medicine( Fig.).
Fig. Settoska, or Dictiophora duplicate
Sparassis crispa
Sparassis is curly, or mushroom cabbage grows in mixed and pine forests. In some years can occur quite often in August-September, but there are years when the fungus does not grow at all.
The shape of the fungus is round. It is fleshy, consists of a thick and dense stem and branches that branch out from it, which are broadened and flattened. The surface of the branches is smooth, whitish, cream or yellow, but with age it becomes brown.
The fungus is quite large, the weight of the fungus can reach 4-10 kg, in diameter it can be 15-30 cm( Fig.).
Fig. Sparassis crispa
Branched fork, or trutilium branched( Grifola umbellata( Fr.) PH.)
Scaly scab( Lepiota lignicola Karst)
Scoshkogib flaky( Strobilomyces floccopus( Fr.) Karst)
Rigatite clavate,(Clavariadelphus pistillaris( Pr.) Donk)
The fungus grows in mixed and deciduous forests. It occurs quite rarely from August to September.
Fruit body up to 30 cm high, clavate, light yellow or rust colored. When pressed, it is painted a brown-red color.
Fungus flesh is dense, spongy, white in color. When cut or cracked, it acquires a purplish brown color. The smell is pleasant, but the taste is bitterish( Fig.).
The mushroom is edible.
Chestnut gyroporous( Gyroporus castapei)
The mushroom grows not only near deciduous trees: oak, beech, chestnut, but also near conifers.
Distributed in light deciduous and mixed forests. It grows mainly on sandy soils.
The mushroom hat can be either convex or flat, with a diameter of 3-8 cm, red-brown or chestnut color. In young mushrooms it is velvety, in the old - smooth
The flesh of the fungus is white, the color does not change with a break. Has a faint smell and taste of hazelnut.
Mushroom, as a rule, does not bear fruit in very large groups.
The mushroom is edible, but when cooked it gets a bitter taste. Suitable for drying, in which the bitterness disappears.
Gyroporus cyanescens
The fungus grows in mixed or deciduous forests, usually under birches, as it is with these trees that the fungus forms mycorrhizas.
The mushroom hat reaches a diameter of 5-15 cm. The shape of the cap varies from flat to convex, straw-yellow or brown-yellow, and becomes blue when pressed.
The pulp of the fungus is white or cream colored, brittle. At the break it becomes cornflower blue.
The mushroom foot at the base is thickened, first with a cotton-like filling, after hollow or with small voids.
is widely distributed in the Murmansk region. Perfectly tolerates frost.
Mushroom edible.
Distinctive features of fungi-twins
| fungus Title | hat | plates | leg |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|
pale Grebe( green shape, poisonous) | Olive, greenish olive, to the center of a dark | white, free | the base tuberiform-thickened surrounded cupped vagina, the top of the white or striped ring |
| Pale toadstool( white form, poisonous) | White or whitish | White, loose | At the base swollen, surrounded by oxen, ring white |
| Ruffle scaly | Greenish, gray-green | - | - |
| Raw green | Grayish green | White, adhered to the foot | - |
| Common mushroom | White or gray | Free, first white, then pinkish, grayish-violet and dark brown | With ring, without swelling and volva |
| Field mushroom | White, if touched, yellow | Free, first white, then reddish, chocolate brown and black | To the base thickened, without a volv, with a two-layered ring |
| Ring cap | Yellowish-brown with a pink shade | White, then clay-yellow, adhering to the foot | With ring but without the volost |
| Float white | White, at the edge of the radial strips | White, loose | Tubularly swollen at the base, no ring |
| Fly agaric white, deadly poisonous | White | Whiteor slightly pinkish, loose | Tissue-blown at the base, wide |
| Amanita, smelly( poisonous)
|