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  • Fungal diseases

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    Although fungal diseases are no less, and sometimes more dangerous than viral, fighting with them is usually more successful. The names of the fungi that cause them, perhaps, do not necessarily lead: it is of interest to phytopathologists and other scientists. The practice of floriculture is more important to remember and learn to recognize the symptoms of diseases.

    Powdery mildew. Sometimes the plant is covered with a touch, similar, at first glance, to grayish flour poured to the stem and leaves. If you look closely at it, you can often distinguish between what actually looks like a raid not on grains, but rather on soft bristles. It is mycelium of the causative agent of powdery mildew.

    If this fungus settles on a plant, it begins to lag behind in growth, its shoots and leaves quickly lose shape, droop and die. Especially often and severely from this disease young plants suffer. Downy powdery mildew. From the picture of defeat with powdery mildew this disease is characterized by the fact that the gray mealy coating caused by an entirely different fungus is formed only on the underside of the leaves, and gradually on the upper part of the affected areas gradually appear oily stains that turn yellow over time. When there are a lot of them, the plant starts to discard the leaves.

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    Fusarium. Fungus affects the roots and root collar, the adjacent leaves and stem from the bottom turn yellow, the plant begins to wilt and dies if not treated. In bulbous disease begins with infection of the onion bulbs. When storing them, one can notice a whitish-pink( or pinkish-white) coating formed from below, it is better not to plant them without etching and taking other medical measures.

    Gray rot. The first sign of the onset of the disease is the appearance on the various parts of the plant( leaves, buds, flowers) of rashes, similar to a plaque of gray dust, under which the tissues begin to turn pale and yellow. Later, the organs of the flower on which she appeared, wither and die.

    Brown root rot of the neck. The manifestations of the disease are similar to the symptoms of fusariosis, with the difference that the infected root neck of the plant softens and turns brown, and then blackens.

    Brown rot of corms. On the leaves after flowering, small oblong spots with reddish-brown edges appear( if there are many of them, the whole leaf may glow and then die off), the disease gradually spreads to the root system. If the corms get infected from the side, they rot completely, and those infected through the stalk from the middle may seem healthy in appearance, it is possible to determine if the corms are rotten, by pressing on the bottom.

    Dry rot. If you observe premature yellowing of the leaves, which ends with drying, it is possible that the plant was affected by dry rot. Look closely at the underside of the leaves: in case of infection with dry rot there one can see tiny black dots - sclerotia of the fungus. The lower part of the plant decays, the stem often breaks at the base.

    Hard rot, or Septoria. On the leaves appear patches of purple-brown color, which subsequently become gray, with the middle spots of light edges. On the spots you can distinguish tiny black dots.

    Stem rot. Plants infected with stem rot, prematurely and quickly fade. Unfortunately, the fungus that causes it settles right in the stems, and not on the surface of the tissues, and therefore it is extremely difficult to see it - except that on the break it will be possible to notice white flakes in the core. Ill-affected plants, as a rule, do not heal, but destroy.

    Rotting stems. Despite the similarity of the name with the name of the previous disease, it is impossible to put an equal sign between them - they have different pathogens and different predictions: the rot of stems is treated and prevented. Learn the rot of the stems by ringing( the defeat of the base) and the death of the pedicels.

    Spotting. Spotting can cause different pathogens, because there is also a difference in symptoms( not to mention other diseases, a sign which is also the appearance of spots).If suspicious spots on the leaves do not fall under the description of the diseases listed above, then this is the spotting.

    Rust. First, yellowish spots appear on the leaf surfaces, and then - stain-like spots, with yellow dusting pads appearing on the bottom, and by the end of the growing season - often small bent brown bars, while the stains can be transformed into almost black streaks. Coniferous branches often thicken and the resin protrudes outward due to blockage of resinous courses.

    Contaminated fungus. This disease, as a rule, affects damaged or weakened plants, with a black coating on the surface of the leaves and( or) apical shoots, which hampers the development and normal growth of the plant.

    It's the easiest way to fight with a moist fungus: it's enough to wash it off with a cloth soaked in soapy water.

    Gummosis. Gummosis can have different causes: sometimes it is caused by improper, too abundant moistening of the soil. But there is also a fungal congenital disorder. It affects most often citrus fruits. Symptoms: on the bark of the plant, reddish-brownish longitudinal spots appear near the root, under the dead bark, gum( special secretions) begins to appear in their place, solidifying in the air. The leaves begin to turn yellow and fall, the plant dries.

    Sclerotic bulb rot. As the name suggests, bulb flowers can suffer from it. The onion starts to rot from the top, bright sclerotia( accumulations of fungus) are formed on the affected area, and on the roots - brown. Infection occurs in the soil and through the soil.

    Blue mold. Like the previous disease, blue mold affects the bulbs. Calling her fungus fungus settles on them only if the bulbs are damaged or stored incorrectly."Blue" this mold is called due to the fact that in a certain period a blue coating of fungus spores forms on the affected areas.