What symptoms of kidney disease in children are manifested when they are affected, diagnosis and treatment
In essence, the kidneys are a filter, through which harmful substances are emitted from the body. The main purpose of the kidneys is the exercise of excretory function through the processes of secretion and filtration. The possibilities of adapting the child's organism are not very good, especially at the turning points of maturation. Symptoms of kidney disease in children are formed most often at this time.
Kidney pathology in a child can develop due to poor ecology, consumption of substandard foods and genetic predisposition. Signs of the presence of the disease may be different, but not notice or confuse them with other diseases is very simple, but if you find even the slightest manifestations, you need to take your child to a doctor.
Renal failure
Kidney failure does not become an independent pathology - it is usually a syndrome of the development of a variety of pathological processes that cause relevant clinical symptoms. Renal failure may be acute or chronic.
Symptoms of kidney failure in a child are anuria, water-electrolyte balance disorders, dysfunction of the cardiovascular system. With the timely treatment of acute form of kidney failure, the child's health is normal for two weeks. In severe forms, hemodialysis is performed.
Chronic form of kidney failure is formed as a result of neglect of kidney pathologies - glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, pyelonephritis. To the appearance of the syndrome lead some diseases of a systemic nature. With chronic kidney failure, there is an intoxication of the body, a disorder in the work of the stomach and intestines, the nervous system, pressure rises, and scanty urine leakage is noted.
Kidney tuberculosis
In a child, renal tuberculosis develops as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment of kidney tuberculosis is organized with the help of special medicines, chemotherapy. The difficulty in diagnosing this pathology lies in the fact that it does not cause symptoms for a long time and is not diagnosed with the help of tests. In this regard, periodic diagnosis is required for children at risk. The risk group includes children with impaired functions of the genitourinary system, with serious complications of kidney diseases.
There are also such diseases and disorders that increase the risk of kidney tuberculosis, namely, abnormalities in the structure of the kidney and excretory system, pyelonephritis, and complex delivery.
Urolithiasis
In children, urolithiasis is very common, but due to neglect of parents, pathology is detected too late. Clinical signs are characterized by pain in the lumbar region, and in the urine often there is blood.
Usually, small stones come out on their own. When they exit, there is a rare pain and an attack begins. The pain moves along with the stones and after the stone leaves the kidney the child feels pain in the sacrum, in the lower abdomen, in the genitals. The urge to urinate may result in ineffectiveness. The stone clogs the lumen of the exit from the kidney and causes renal colic. The urine accumulates in the kidney.
The diagnosis of urolithiasis in a child is carried out on the basis of complaints, taking into account the symptoms, which makes it possible to suspect the presence of kidney stones. Then urine and blood tests are performed, a survey urography, ultrasound examination is organized.
Jade
Jade is a collective concept, implying any process of inflammation in the kidneys. The acute form of jade develops due to the presence of an infectious focus or after the transfer of infectious pathologies.
Wearing wet shoes, hypothermia, strong winds are risk factors for the appearance of jade. Measles, scarlet fever and other similar pathologies often adversely affect the health of the kidneys.
As a rule, a child complains of poor health, drawing pains in the lower back. Sometimes edema develops on the face and on the body, pressure is increased, the volume of urine being separated decreases, urine tests are changed. The treatment prognosis remains favorable, but the treatment is delayed for a period of one to three months. During an exacerbation the child should be treated in a hospital and observe bed rest and diet.
Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of a non-specific nature that causes bacteria and in which the kidney, calyx and renal parenchyma suffer.
Pyelonephritis can be one-sided, bilateral, it is classified according to the causes of development. The causative agent penetrates into the kidney with blood or urinogen.
In the development of pyelonephritis, the child complains of pain in the location of the kidney. In general, the pain is blunt, sometimes attacks occur, manifestations of intoxication are formed. For the diagnosis is required to study the analysis of urine and blood.
The process of treatment of kidney diseases
After detection of any symptom of kidney damage in the child, parents should take him to the doctor as soon as possible to the urologist or pediatrician. The signs of kidney disease in children can be a manifestation of severe pathology. Do not perform treatment yourself. Before the appointment of a specific therapeutic tactic, the doctor prescribes diagnostic examinations in order to obtain a complete clinical picture of the disease and an accurate diagnosis.
Usually the following examinations are organized for the child:
- General urine test - it helps to establish the presence of precipitate of salts, red blood cells and blood particles, as well as any other deviations in the composition of urine.
- The general or common analysis of a blood - he helps to define, whether there are in an organism of the child any processes of an inflammation or display of presence of the general intoxication in an organism.
- Ultrasonic diagnosis of the kidneys - it helps to establish the presence of congenital pathologies in the structure of the organs of the urinary system, their painful changes, the presence of sand or stones.
Based on the information received from the parents and the child, the specialist establishes and clarifies the diagnosis, develops the appropriate treatment for each specific case.