Polyarthritis: symptoms, treatment, causes

What is it - the different forms of exposure, causing chronic synovitis and pathologies in the joint tissues in conjunction with the infection can manifest severe, sometimes purulent, sequential joint damage - polyarthritis( polyarthrosis)

Polyarthritis is a type of arthritis - joint diseases of various forms, inherently denotinginflammatory processes in the joints.

The prefix "poly" indicates an increased manifestation of the disease, when inflammation covers a large number of joints simultaneously.

Causes of polyarthritis

Based on the symptoms characteristic of polyarthritis can diagnose more than a dozen diseases. The disease can be provoked by:

1. 1) Parotitis or rubella;
   
2. 2) Diseases of enterovirus and paropovirus;
   
3. 3) Borreliosis or viral hepatitis.

The most common causes:

• various infectious diseases;
  
• disturbances in metabolic processes;
  
• autoimmune disorders - auto-allergy and various allergic processes;
  
• joint local injuries;
  
• foodborne infections;
  
• is a hereditary factor.

In accordance with the causes of the pathology, polyarthritis is classified into species. Polyarthritis of the infectious form - "product" of background infections:

• of infectious tuberculosis;
  
• Maltese fever - brucellosis;
  
• of sexually transmitted diseases.

Inopportune treatment of background diseases, neglected form, will undoubtedly cause destructive joint changes - viral deformation. Rheumatoid manifestation of polyarthritis - refers to the most severe form of arthritis wavy, expanding its boundaries. Not related to infections, but most likely, manifested as a result:

• genetic predisposition;
  
• due to physiological, emotional, psychological or social problems;
  
• poor nutrition.

The appearance of metabolic polyarthritis is promoted by diseases with metabolic disturbances. Increasing the urate acid level of urate causes precipitation of salts in the form of sharp crystals that settle in the joints, causing irritation of the surrounding tissues, contributing to the development of gout.

Psoriatic mutitizing form of polyarthrosis - a consequence of skin lesions with psoriasis, is mainly manifested by articular inflammatory processes of the feet. It occurs in patients of middle age, can manifest itself in six months and a year, after the peak of the disease.

Polyarthritis of an unexplained nature - reactive. Consequence of the transferred infectious diseases. The infection itself is absent in the joints.

It appears with a specific causative agent of previous infections:

• of chlamydia;
  
• of fungal diseases;
  
• respiratory infections;
  
• of urogenital infections;
  
• infections of the respiratory system;
  
• as a result of acute intestinal infections.

Post-traumatic polyarthritis is preceded by various, even minor injuries. It is fraught with the formation of bursitis, in which there is blood in the edematous fluid. Penetration of infections into the articular sac, causes purulent inflammation and tendovaginitis.

Symptoms of polyarthritis

The development of the disease can be recognized by characteristic features. Common symptoms for any kind of arthritis, including polyarthritis are:

• articular, rhythmically occurring pains;
  
• deformation of articular surfaces with a violation of their functions;
  
• temperature jumps;
  
• is characterized by a color change in tissues in the area of ​​pathology.

Depending on the course of the disease, polyarthritis happens - acute, subacute and chronic.

Acute form of polyarthritis occurs accompanied by such symptoms:

• strong, persistent pain;
  
• articular mobility is limited;
  
• redness of the skin.

Subacute form of polyarthritis - characterized by mild inflammation. Swelling is noted, the amount of synovia increases, and as a result, joint stiffness occurs.

The chronic form of polyarthritis is characterized by deforming processes that lead to disability, since pains are manifested in any movement. Long years can not make itself felt and suddenly manifest in mature years.

Infectious reactive form of polyarthritis

Pathological processes in the joints, with this type of arthritis, are manifested by intraarticular inflammations, which in themselves are a disease and are divided into groups related to:

1. 1) To infectious nonspecific polyarthritis, manifested by reactions to any infections in any pathogen. This species is also called reactive.
   
2. 2) Infectious specific polyarthritis, which is the consequence of the presence of the pathogen directly in the blood. Occurs in complicated, with a serious course of infectious diseases in other internal organs.
   
3. 3) RA-rheumatoid arthritis affecting small joints by erosive-destructive change of articular surfaces.
   
4. 4) Infectious - allergic manifestation of polyarthrosis, manifested by acute course of the pathologies of the shin bones, patella bones, fingers and toes.

Causes of infectious-reactive form of polyarthritis

As it has already been mentioned, gross pathological changes in bones and ligamentous apparatus are the result of the action of various kinds of infections. Developed by two forms:

1. The first is a bacterial pneumococcal purulent form, localized in one place - in the punctuation of the articular fluid. The consequence of pneumonia, has a metastatic origin.
   
2. The second - toxic, develops against the background of allergic reactions in brucellosis, benign synovitis, Ponce's disease. It is caused by the action of viral and bacterial toxins. The main source are staphylococcal and streptococcal infections.

Symptoms of infectious-reactive form of polyarthritis

The collective image of all types of infectious arthrosis symptoms is represented by:

• development of persistent articular deforming pathologies;
  
• violation of their functional characteristics;
  
• by painful muscle contraction;
  
• periarthritis.

A feature of this species is the damaging factor that manifests itself in large symmetrical bone joints:

• with knee and hip deformities;
  
• ankle and radiocarpal pathologies;
  
• by shoulder or ulnar inflammatory processes.
  
• with acute articular pain;
  
• by changing skin color over the lesion site;
  
• increased temperature;
  
• articular edema of
  
• significant restriction of movements.

Rheumatoid polyarthritis

This species represents a disease of autoimmune origin, characterized by inflammatory foci of connective tissue. The basis of which lies aggression of an autoimmune type, when due to a genetic malfunction, their tissues and cells are perceived as strangers. Affects joints of different sizes. The provocative factor of the manifestation of the disease can serve:

• the consequences of various types of viral manifestations and bacterial infections;
  
• stressful situations;
  
• effects of hormonal "cataclysms."

Symptoms of rheumatoid polyarthritis

In the process of long-term development of rheumatoid polyarthritis, permanent articular inflammatory foci, such joint deformation occurs, which causes immobility in patients and, as a rule, leads to disability. This is the most serious of all types of polyarthritis.

The disease is characterized by seasonal development and dependence on weather conditions, when pain and aches reach their peak.


According to the pathology, symptoms appear in the form:

• chest pains with characteristic dyspnoea;
  
• skin dyschromia( changes skin color) and rashes;
  
• reduce vision;
  
• loss of sensitivity in different parts of the body;
  
• lumbar pain;
  
• hematuria( blood in the urine);
  
• fever. Probable complications of polyarthritis
  If in the early period of the manifestation of polyarthritis the development process can be delayed and prevent vascular deformities, then the process released on the trail is fraught with serious consequences:
  
  
  
  1. 1) From the side of the cardiovascular system - the development of pericarditis, vasculitis, cardiac malformations.
     
  2. 2) On the part of the respiratory system - the development of fibrotic processes in the lungs, inflammation of the pleural lobes with the formation of exudate.
     
  3. 3) Skin changes - the formation of compaction sites, the formation of nodular growths.
     
  4. 4) On the part of the visual system - progressive processes that cause vision impairment, conjunctivitis.
     
  5. 5) Pathologies in the nervous system - neuritis, manifested by pain and burning numbness in the lesions.
     
  6. 6) Changes in blood - increased level of platelets, anemia.
     
  7. 7) On the part of the urinary system - signs of glomerulonephritis.
  Quite eloquent arguments that at the first signs of arthritis immediately proceed to treatment.
  

  Diagnosis of polyarthritis

  
  Diagnostics of polyarthritis includes methods of differential diagnosis in, consisting of:
  
  
  
  • from laboratory diagnostics;
    
  • X-ray examination
    
  • data of arthrographic examination;
    
  • readings of NMR and thermal imaging;
    
  • of histological study

  Treatment of polyarthritis

  
  In the treatment of polyarthritis, a strictly individual approach is used:
  
  
  
  • to stop the processes of destruction and deformation;
    
  • cupping of inflammatory processes;
    
  • restoration of blood circulation and nutrition in articular tissues;
    
  • improvement of immunity and stimulation of regenerative processes.
  To achieve these goals, a number of very effective physiotherapy procedures are prescribed: electrophoresis sessions, acupuncture and pharmacopuncture, laser and magnetic therapy, shock wave therapy. From medicamental therapy are appointed: antibiotics and antihistamines, antidepressants, anti-inflammatory and anesthetics.
  
  Prevention of polyarthritis involves not so many requirements and rules, but compliance with them will help to avoid many problems and complications. It is necessary to provide comfortable conditions for its locomotor apparatus, reducing excessive weight and eliminating additional loads.
  
  Maintain a correct posture and get rid of the habit of throwing your foot on the knee during sitting, which prevents free circulation and has a negative effect on the condition of intraarticular cartilage.
  
  Make your nutritional diet in such a way that it is dominated by amino acids - builders of the body's protein structures: meat, dairy and plant products. Eliminate bad habits. Medical rehabilitation is desirable in the profile sanatorium.
  
  

  
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