Accidents on water
People suffering from diseases of the spine or blood vessels should remember the precautions: do not stay in the water for a long time, swim far from the shore, swim in a state of intoxication.
How can I help with the appearance of seizures?
First, before swimming in the river or pool, you need to do some physical exercises - warm-up. It is better, if it will be running, lifting and bending legs, easy self-massage. In the pool it is useful to hold a contrast shower, rub the body with a washcloth, especially the calf muscles and waist. The purpose of such a warm-up is to "warm up" the muscles. Then, while swimming in cold water, a spasm of the vessels( a sharp narrowing of the vessels) will not lead to the development of convulsions. If the cramp still occurs, it is necessary to produce a rapid sharp painful stimulation of the contracted muscle. For this, it is advised to have( with a bathing suit) an English safety pin. A sharp prick in the place of the greatest density and tenderness of the muscle will stop the spasm. If there are no pins, then, with your thumb, press sharply and severely( through the pain) several times in this area.
If the cramp in the calf muscles occurred at an uncomfortable position of the body, during cornering, at night during sleep, then in this case it is possible to help in this case: stand on a sore leg, rise to the toe and do not hold the support with your hands.
First aid for drowning. Swim to the drowning from the side of the back and grasping it as shown in Fig.30, transport it to the shore.
Experience shows that it is better to start making artificial respiration to the victim immediately, as soon as the rescuer's feet have touched the bottom. Supporting the victim with one hand on his shoulder, with the other hand, lift his head so that the chin was pushed forward. Then the root of the tongue will move forward and open the entrance to the respiratory tract. Throwing back the victim's head, pinch his nose, take a deep breath and, pressing his mouth tightly to the victim's lips, exhale air into his respiratory tract.* On the shore, lay the victim so that his head is below the level of the pelvis: this will help release the airways from the water that has entered them.
If the victim does not breathe or breathes it shallow, superficial, immediately begin artificial ventilation by mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose, without interrupting it until an ambulance arrives.
It is extremely important to properly conduct external cardiac massage. It is necessary to quickly, within a few seconds, determine if there is a pulse on the neck( at the point located in the middle between the edge of the lower jaw and the clavicle), to check how the pupils react to light. If the pupils are dilated and do not respond to light, and the pulse is not probed, immediately begin heart massage. It will not be a mistake if you do this with weak heartbeat.
External massage of the heart, do this: standing on the side of the injured person on the knees, feel for the lower end of the sternum, put the lower part of the palm above the palm of your hand and place the palm of the other hand at the right angle. The fingers of the hands should not touch the chest. Rhythmically squeeze the chest, about 80 times a minute, without bending your arms in the elbows. If the assistance is provided by one person, then after 2-3 breaths, he must do 15 pressure on the chest. If rescuers two, then one produces artificial respiration, and the other - heart massage: after each inhalation, you need to do 5 pressure on the chest.
The victim must be taken to a medical facility, even if he says that he feels well. This is important because he can develop a so-called secondary drowning syndrome: pulmonary edema, oxygen starvation of the brain, cardiac arrest.