Elevated temperature without symptoms: causes and treatment

The rise in body temperature is a consequence of the production of special substances called "pyrogens" in the body.

These are proteins that exist in the body itself, and can act from the outside, being parts of a microbial cell.

They are produced in response to a certain effect, and this need not necessarily be an inflammatory process: allergies, nervous breakdown, hormonal splash - anything can cause a temperature reaction.

Below, consider the most common causes of high fever( 37, 38, 39 ° C), which appeared alone, without any symptoms of a cold in an adult.

Mechanism of the temperature reaction

When the focus of the disease develops, microbial pyrogens( they will be called primary) activate the immune system, which produces not only antibodies to the incoming microbes, but also certain inflammatory substances - secondary pyrogens. The latter, communicating with the receptors of the main thermoregulatory center - the hypothalamus - include it.

Next, he will deal with the regulation of the balance between the formation of heat in the body( in the adult, muscles are engaged in this, cutting, in children under 3 years of age - a special fatty tissue) and its expenditure.

The temperature can increase without the involvement of the hypothalamus, which occurs when overheating or intense physical exertion. In this case, the heat transfer mechanisms are violated.

Causes of fever in adults

First of all, with a high body temperature without symptoms of a cold, pay attention to its nature:

1. 1) Constant: it practically does not fluctuate during the day. Maximum - there is an increase or decrease by 0.5-1 ° C without taking antipyretics. This fever, together with signs of intoxication( see below), is characteristic of extensive pneumonia, as well as one of the stages of typhoid fever;
   
2. 2) Intermittent: there are periods of elevated temperature, but there is a normal or even a low temperature. This is characteristic of malaria.
   
3. 3) Weakening: fluctuations - in 1-1,5 degrees for a day, thus it does not go down to norm itself. This is typical for purulent pathologies, focal pneumonia, typhoid fever;
   
4. 4) Hectic: fluctuations in temperature are 2-3 degrees, while it itself decreases to normal. Such a temperature curve develops with sepsis, large foci of suppuration;
   
5. 5) Wavy: the temperature gradually builds up, then holds for a few days, then it gradually falls off not to the norm, after which it increases again. This is typical for brucellosis, a blood disease called lymphogranulomatosis, typhoid fever;
   
6. 6) Recurrent: it first rises, then drops to normal for 1-3 days, then rises again. This is characteristic of malaria, recurrent typhus;
   
7. 7) Inverse type, when the temperature is higher in the morning than in the evening. It occurs with sepsis, brucellosis, tuberculosis;
   
8. 8) Wrong - no patterns for it are not typical. It is characteristic for sepsis, inflammation of the inner shell of the heart( endocarditis), tuberculosis.

The fact that the process - inflammatory, speak also of such symptoms, called intoxication:

• weakness;
  
• headache;
  
• pain in different muscle groups;
  
• lack of appetite;
  
• nausea;
  
• dizziness;
  
• nausea;
  
• insomnia.

Quite often it happens that a fever for only one or several days will not be accompanied by other symptoms, but then they will appear and direct the doctors' thought in the right direction.

Unfortunately, there is also the notion of "fever of unknown origin", when a comprehensive examination of a person revealed nothing, and a high temperature lasts three weeks or more.

Diseases and high temperature conditions

It is possible to list a large number of diseases and conditions accompanied by an increase in temperature, for a more convenient treatment, we divide some of them into groups:

1. 1) Drug intake. Sulfonamides, barbiturates, antidepressants, some diuretics, psychostimulants can cause a temperature reaction.
   
2. 2) In nursing women, high fever without other symptoms indicates the initial stages of lactostasis.
   
3. 3) Diseases of the hypothalamus( tumor or inflammatory nature).There are no other symptoms, the person feels well.
   
4. 4) Increase in the level of female sex hormones in the pre-climacteric period.
   
5. 5) Emotional stress.
   
6. 6) Pneumonia. Cough with pneumonia is characteristic if the focus of inflammation is located near the bronchus even the smallest caliber. If the inflamed tissue is small and does not reach the bronchus yet, then there will be no coughing. There will only be fever, a feeling of difficulty breathing, symptoms of intoxication. There may be an easing of the stool.
   
7. 7) Pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis. Usually, in addition to fever, there are symptoms of intoxication, back pain, sometimes - changes in urination or urine itself, visible "by eye".

1. 8) Sepsis. In this case, there are symptoms of intoxication, and some local symptoms( not always).There is a primary focus from where the bacteria penetrated the blood: an infected wound, otitis, ulcers in the throat, an abscess after an injection or injury, pneumonia or kidney disease that seems to be "treated".
   
2. 9) Thyrotoxic crisis - a sharp release of thyroid hormones into the blood. In this case, there will also be a significant increase in heart rate, increased blood pressure, may be a violation of consciousness. A person suffering from an increased function of this gland, lean, although well and with an appetite, eats, he often has such a symptom as the eyes "bulge".
   
3. 10) Endocarditis - infection by the bacteria of the inner shell of the heart. With this disease there will be symptoms of intoxication, sweating with an unpleasant odor, pain in the heart. Fever is hectic or permanent.
   
4. 11) Malaria. In this case, the high temperature, accompanied by severe tremor, cold extremities, delirium, excitement, headache, is replaced by a period of normal temperature. So it repeats every few days. You can get sick either an injecting drug addict or a person who has been communicating in the summer with a sick malaria( there are malarial mosquitoes in our country, there is not only the parasite causing the disease), as well as the person visiting the countries of Africa.
   
5. 12) Diseases of the blood: leukemia, lymphomas. In this case, there will also be symptoms of intoxication, weight loss, skin rash.
   
6. 13) Systemic autoimmune pathologies: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, periarteritis, vasculitis. In this case, there will be symptoms of the defeat of various internal organs.
   
7. 14) Infectious diseases: abdominal, recurrent, typhus, Lyme disease, other than temperature, have other symptoms( diarrhea, rash, abdominal pain), as well as symptoms of intoxication.
   
8. 15) Tumor processes at a stage when they are already detected by immunity are accompanied by an increase in temperature. In addition, symptoms of intoxication develop.
   
9. 16) An allergic reaction can also cause an increase in temperature. In this case, it is usually possible to establish its connection with vaccination, the taking of some medication, contact with a new substance for a person or a product. Usually there is also a rash, or watery eyes, or a runny nose, or a cough.
   
10. 17) Some mental disorders, for example, febrile schizophrenia, can melt with an increase in body temperature.
    
11. 18) In children, high temperature develops for all the above reasons, as well as overheating, eruption of infant teeth

. Temperature in a child without symptoms: Komarovsky

. A possible pediatrician will tell you about the possible causes of high temperature( 38 ° C, 39 ° C.).Doctor Komarovsky.

What to do with high body temperature

Reduce the temperature is only if its level exceeds 38.5 ° C.If a person suffers from heart or brain disease, you can do it earlier, by taking antipyretics and physical methods of cooling.

Next, you need to seek medical help. The primary diagnostic physician( therapist) should not only examine the patient, but also prescribe general blood and urine tests. Further examination and treatment depends on the results of these studies.

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