Drain the plot
Special care and troubles bring to the horticulturists and truck farmers the lowered areas with a high standing of ground waters. This is dangerous, first of all, for fruit trees, the root system of which extends to a depth of 2-3 meters or more. And then, when it reaches the groundwater table, the trees begin to suffer, the apex to dry up( the so-called "dryness") and the whole tree may die. In such low areas first of all undesirable phenomena of flooding by "perchage"( rain and thawed waters) will appear.
The most often required measures for the cultivation of peat soils of upland and lowland bogs, which are located in low relief areas and are of little use in the natural( natural) state for the cultivation of cultivated plants. Nevertheless, negative properties of sites with peat soils can be eliminated by the following methods: drying, liming and applying fertilizers.
The area of the marsh is drained using a network of open trenches. They are made along the perimeter and along the central road collectively, in addition, along the borders of each garden area, small ditches of 30-40 cm in depth and width should be dug so that there is a common drain to the main drainage network.
For draining the site, the horticulturist can( by agreement with a neighbor) make a draining ditch along the perimeter or a separate pit in the lowest places, but of large dimensions( 60-80 cm deep, 1-2 m wide, 50-60 at the bottomcm).The drainage ditch should be filled gradually with 40-50 cm of large-scale construction waste, with solid household waste, and then covered with a soil for 20-30 cm from the top in the subsequent ditch. Thus, the ditch area can be used for planting and at the same time this ditch will help lower the water table and remove excess water. The same purpose will be served by a simple well 2-3 meters deep.
You can additionally drain the lowered area by creating a "hedge" from the plantings of willow, hawthorn, dogrose, irgi, spiraea, sea buckthorn( "male" plants from the outside, and "female"inside the site).
Finally, it is recommended to plant fruit crops on clonal vegetatively propagated rootstocks with a superficial root system, as well as on hills 30-50 cm high and even hills up to 1 m at reduced sites.
To those horticulturists who are just starting to develop a plot: the uppermosta fertile layer of soil must necessarily be removed from the area that is intended for building a house( including a blind area), a barn, some other structures, as well as for laying tracks. All this land should be used on a garden plot or for refueling planting pits for fruit and berry plants.
And one more remark: if stumps from forest trees are wrung with the help of powerful machinery, infertile layers of soil are turned out on the surface and the entire area is strongly compacted, which forces the grower to put it into order for a long time and to cultivate it. Unusual advice. It can be done in this case very simply: in the stump make a groove( chisel, drill), fill it with ammonium nitrate( not less than 200 g) and top the hole to close. After a few months, impregnated with saltpetre wood, pour kerosene and set it on fire. The above-ground part of the stump and the roots of the tree slowly burn, and at this point it will be possible to plant the necessary plants.