Play and child labor
The main( leading) type of activity of a child of preschool age, as we have already said, is a game, but the child must be attracted to work that is feasible for him. To do this, you can use the connection between play and work.
First of all, the child can do some things for the game, first together with.parents, and then independently( repair toys, make toy furniture from cardboard, sew dresses for dolls, etc.).
Connecting the game with difficulty makes it easier for a child to master simple labor skills, he develops elementary technical design, creativity.
While the child is small, he is attracted mainly to the joint repair of out-of-date toys. He more observes the actions of adults than they participate.
- Come on, Dima, carry the broken car. Now we will open a repair shop. We take a hammer, nails. Help me, keep the car like this. And the wheels are in place. Try, she will go or not. .. She went. That is great. Well we worked with you. Do not get into the car anymore, it's only for dolls and bears.
Mom takes out a bear with its torn paw:
- Alya, let's treat him. Hold the teddy bear, I'll take the thread and needle now. ..
Such activities are very attractive to the child, contribute to his careful attitude to things.
In the same way, in the presence of a child, it is useful to glue broken children's books, boxes from under his first board games, etc.
Already at 3-4 years old, the child should be entrusted and simple operations, including his in joint activities:
- Here, spread a piece of paperglue. ..
- Cut this strip of paper. ..
The older the child, the harder his toys, there are already clockwork and even electronic ones. Try to restore them in the event of a breakdown in the presence of children, if possible, combining the repair with an accessible explanation of the mechanism of the mechanism. Let not everything is clear to your son or daughter, but this is the way to the development of children's curiosity, the first introduction to technology.
Many interesting items for the game can make dad and mom and pryhotit to such activities of the child. In the house there is always a suitable material for this. In the course you can put cardboard boxes, empty coils, pieces of plywood, wood, tight boxes of milk. For example, from 2-3 glued coils, you can make a medical tube to listen to the "sick", from the cardboard boxes - a garage for a car or a small house for dolls, from dense milk boxes - an excellent building set. In the book A. Rogovin "I want to do it myself", parents will find many useful tips on this matter.
This kind of crafts will teach a child to make, he will have the skills to work with different materials;this will contribute to the development of children's ingenuity and creativity.
Parents, relying on children's play interests, can set before the child the task of inventing missing specific objects for the game.
Misha( 5.5 years) plays a sea voyage. He is a "captain".On a steamship built of cubes and chairs, sailor dolls and puppet-passengers are already sitting. Misha gives commands to an imaginary helmsman: "Full speed ahead."But to see what lies ahead, the captain needs binoculars.
- Mom, I really need binoculars. Buy me, please.
- And let's do it ourselves, - offers mom.- Let's think about what you can make binoculars or a telescope. Think about it, and in the evening we will try to do it.
In the evening, Mom offers Misha a thin cardboard, paper clips, glue, a brush and a string.
Mom draws binoculars on a sheet of paper, highlighting its main parts - two tubes connected by a crossbar, and a strap.
- What do you think, Misha, how to make a tube?
- It's easy. Fold the carton and ready. I'll stick it together, and there'll be a pipe.
Misha himself glues the tube, Mom shows,
how to connect for reliability the ends with paper clips. That's the second tube is ready. But how to connect them? The boy tries to paste to both strip of cardboard - does not hold.
- Maybe you need the chopsticks?- offers mom.
- Of course!- Misha rejoices. - I will make holes in tubes and insert sticks. And then the holes are here, for the rope.
Of course, the first homemade work is not very beautiful. But this is not the main thing so far. It is important to awaken in children the desire to do things themselves and help them in the realization of this desire.
Fix toys, make something for the game - this is one form of communication between game and work. How else can you use the game to teach the work of a preschooler?
It is possible and this way - to translate some of the game actions into productive( productive), i.e., include work tasks in the plot of the game.
For example, in a game, a child for fun erases doll clothes, he already imagines how to do it, you can translate it into real action.
- Alya, do you erase dolls with something?
- Yes, swipe.
- And come on, I'll pour you a basin of water and I'll give you a soap. Come here, we will wash together.
Mom is washing real clothes, and my daughter is next, puppet, but also for real.
So, a child, playing, can master simple labor actions, their consistency, penetrate deeper into the meaning of adult labor.
Using the work skills acquired by the child in such a specially organized adult game, you can gradually allocate them to an independent elementary work activity:
- You were washing dolls. Now you know how to do it. Wash your handkerchiefs, help me.
The child's acquired work skills must be systematically applied in practice. From the age of 5 he must not only play in labor, but also carry out individual labor assignments for adults, have simple but permanent duties in the home( which must be performed regardless of the child's interest in it).Here, without constant monitoring by the parents at first can not do.
What other simple labor skills can a child master in the game? Sweep the floor, wipe the dust, water the flowers, wipe their leaves, sew on buttons, wash dishes, etc.